FOLLOW-UP STUDY FOR CAUSES OF ILLNESS IN BLACK WOMEN

一项对12万名美国护士进行的为期17年的随访研究显示， 关于癌症的原因和预防的重要信息， 心血管疾病在白色妇女（约100论文至今），和其他 最近开始对白色妇女进行大规模的后续研究。 在黑人妇女中没有类似的研究， 疾病和死亡。 [关于白色疾病病因的结果 女性可能无法概括为黑人女性，因为遗传 差异、风险因素的差异或其他原因。 我们提出 对黑人妇女进行一项大型前瞻性随访研究， 关于癌症、心血管疾病风险因素的信息数据， 其他主要疾病，重点是肥胖对健康的影响。 其他需要评估的因素包括吸烟、体力活动， 酒精使用、死亡、外源性雌激素使用和生殖因素。 我们将通过邮寄调查问卷的方式， 年龄在69岁以下的国家教育协会成员， 联邦政府的雇员，护士，或者这些妇女的朋友。 选择这些女性是因为她们能提供可靠的证据 健康信息，并遵循很少的损失。 开展的试点研究 在全国教育协会和 美国人事管理厅已经证明了 该项目 一个由了解健康知识的黑人妇女组成的咨询委员会 黑人社区的问题已经参与，并将继续给予 咨询和指导;黑人妇女健康专家顾问将有 对研究的重要贡献。 初步调查问卷将收集有关接触的信息， 关注的协变量。 每隔2年进行一次随访邮寄问卷调查 将更新信息并确定癌症病例， 心血管疾病和其他重大疾病;诊断将是 通过审查医疗记录和其他文件进行记录。 死亡将 从家人和朋友那里以及通过国家死亡 指数. 临时邮寄将作出维持的利益， 参与者，并告知他们研究结果。 这项研究将提供必要的信息，疾病的病因， 黑人妇女，一个迄今为止被忽视的健康研究群体。 （The 病因学结果通常适用于数百万美国黑人 妇女，包括贫穷妇女]，其结果将有助于预防 方案的重点是降低发病率和死亡率。

An ongoing 17 year follow-up study of 120,000 U.S. nurses has produced important information on causes and preventives of cancer and cardiovascular disease in white women (some 100 papers to date), and other large follow-up studies of white women have been started more recently. There are no comparable studies in black women, who bear a greater burden of illness and mortality. [Results on the etiology of disease in white women may not be generalizable to black women because of genetic differences, differences in risk factors, or other reasons.] We propose to conduct a large prospective follow-up study of black women to provide informative data on risk factors for cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other major illnesses, with an emphasis on the health effects of obesity. Other factors to be assessed include cigarette smoking, physical activity, alcohol use, die, exogenous estrogen use, and reproductive factors. We will enroll, by means of a mailed questionnaire, 50,000 black women up to age 69 years who are members of the National Education Association, employees of the federal government, nurses, or friends of these women. These women were chosen because of evidence that they can provide reliable health information and be followed with few losses. Pilot studies carried out with the assistance of both the National Education Association and the U.S. Office of Personnel Management have demonstrated the feasibility of the project. An Advisory Board of black women knowledgeable about health problems in the black community has participated and will continue to give advice and guidance; expert consultants on black women's health will have important input to the study. The initial questionnaire will collect information on exposures and covariates of interest. Follow-up mail questionnaires at 2-year intervals will update information and ascertain incident cases of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other major illnesses; diagnoses will be documented by review of medical records and other documents. Deaths will be ascertained from families and friends and through the National Death Index. Interim mailings will be made to sustain the interest of the participants and to inform them of study results. This study will provide needed information on the etiology of disease in black women, a heretofore neglected group in health studies. [The etiologic results will generally be applicable to millions of U.S. black women, including poor women,] and the results will be useful in preventive programs focused on reducing morbidity and mortality.