DISORDER AFFECT MODULATION IN HEMISPHERIC DYSFUNCTION

描述(摘自申请者的摘要)：在神经病学 文献：众所周知，中枢神经系统损伤可导致 精神病理学的形式(例如，抑郁症、“否认”疾病、后天的 精神变态)，几乎与他们的“功能性”没有区别 精神科同行。我们研究的总体重点是使用一种 消融范式，以便更多地了解皮质部位在脑内的作用 对行为的情感调节。最近来自人类的证据表明 令人吃惊的眨眼在负面情绪状态下会增强 在积极影响期间减少。尽管动物研究的目标是 杏仁核作为恐惧的关键结构强化了惊吓和焦虑状态， 在某些皮质部位出现损伤，将信息传递到杏仁核 减轻恐惧增强惊恐在啮齿动物中的完全消灭 他们跟在别人后面。目前还不存在关于以下方面的人类数据 皮层部位可能有助于影响惊吓的调制，或者是否 半球的不对称性可能存在。这是我们关注的焦点。 调查员目前的研究。 在拟议的研究中，调查员希望延长她正在进行的 资助的杏仁核损伤人类研究更广泛地涵盖 有皮质损害的个体与显著的 杏仁核。她假设这些大脑皮层系统的破坏(例如， 眼眶前额叶)与杏仁核联系最密切 改变惊吓的价态调节和情绪行为的其他方面。 为了解决这一假设，患有离散病变的患者涉及 眼眶前、背外侧、额部或后部 将评估右半球或左半球。眨眼惊吓的反应会 当受试者同时进行影响引诱任务时被引诱 (电击导致预期焦虑，观看情感场景，听 情感声音)。在这些任务中，情绪的多个指标 将获得包括口头报告和心理生理学在内的反应性 对唤醒(皮肤电导)、价态(惊吓眨眼、 面部肌电)和处理需求。按照计划，她希望学习 是否：a)这些情绪反应之间存在差异脱钩 由于特定皮质部位的完整性而导致的系统；b)价态 惊吓反应的调制受损伤的影响不同。 累及额部或后部颞部；c)是否获得模式 的发现与几个神经心理学中的一个更一致 情绪加工的侧向模型(双脑、右半球等)。 希望获得的数据将提供有关情绪的有用信息 特定功能障碍后出现的障碍和精神病理学 大脑中的神经系统。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): In the neurology literature it is widely known that central nervous system damage can produce forms of psychopathology (e.g., depression, "denial" of illness, acquired psychopathy) that are virtually indistinguishable from their "functional" psychiatric counterparts. The overall focus of our research is to use an ablative paradigm in order to learn more about the role of cortical sites in the affective modulation of behavior. Recent evidence from humans suggests that startle eyeblinks are enhanced during negative affective states and reduced during positive affect. Although animal studies have targeted the amygdala as a key structure in fear potentiated startle and anxiety states, lesions at some cortical sites that relay information to the amygdala appear to attenuate fear potentiated startle in rodents of completely eliminate them following others. No human data currently exist concerning which cortical sites might contribute to affect modulation of startle, or whether hemispheric asymmetries might exist. This is the focus of the investigator's present research. In the proposed studies, the investigator wishes to extend her ongoing funded research in humans with amygdala damage to more broadly encompass individuals with cortical lesions that interact prominently with the amygdala. She hypothesizes that disruption of those cortical systems (e.g., orbitofrontal) that are most closely linked with amygdala will dramatically alter valence modulation of startle and other aspects of emotional behavior. To address this hypothesis, patients with discrete lesions involving orbitofrontal, dorsolateral frontal, or posterior temporal sites within the right or left hemisphere will be evaluated. Eyeblink startle responses will be elicited while subjects concurrently engage in affect eliciting tasks (shock induced anticipatory anxiety, viewing emotional scenes, listening to affective sounds). During these tasks, multiple measures of emotional reactivity will be obtained including verbal report and psychophysiologic measures sensitive to arousal (skin conductance), valence (startle eyeblink, facial EMG), and processing demands. As designed, she hopes to learn whether: a) there is differential decoupling among these emotion response systems due to integrity of particular cortical sites; b) whether valence modulation of the startle response is differently affected by lesions involving frontal or posterior temporal sites; c) whether obtained patterns of findings are more consistent with one of several neuropsychological laterality models of emotion processing (bivalent, right hemisphere, etc.). Hopefully, the obtained data will provide useful information about emotional disorders and psychopathology that occur following dysfunction of specific neural systems within the brain.