MOTIVATIONAL EFFECTS ON GROUP INTERACTION

描述（改编自申请人摘要）：本研究 该计划旨在努力理解情境和个性之间的关系 影响个人认知闭合需求和专业的变量 群体互动的一面。 我们已经知道， 变量（时间压力，噪音，疲劳，无聊）诱导需要 关闭，这种需要是减少了责任感，或 准确判断的必要性。 我们也知道， 封闭性代表了个体差异的一个持久维度。 我们 我也知道，关闭的需要影响个人的方式， 处理信息并形成对各种主题的意见。 的 目前的研究着手调查的影响，需要关闭可能 在群体互动上。 要研究的一般论题是 是否需要关闭可能不会促进保守的演变 集团成员的态度。更具体地说， 感兴趣的将被调查： I. 群体成员的封闭需求是否会导致 独裁领导和非参与性决策规则。 二. 群体成员的封闭需求是否导致地位分配 基于分散的社会特征（例如性别）。 三.群体成员对封闭的需要是否会导致对 变化（例如，由成员变化和组内变化表示） 任务）。 四. 群体成员的封闭需求是否影响群体内部 特别是少数人与多数人之间的关系。 诉 群体成员的关闭需求是否会导致更积极的 对内部群体成员的态度以及 他们和外群体成员。 所有上述问题都影响到个人在社会中发挥作用的主要方式。 组 了解这些问题可能对健康有重要意义 无论是在改善个人的调整方面， 群体，他们在群体中发挥最佳作用的能力， 以最佳方式为个人的福利做出贡献。 完全 提出了15项研究，旨在使收敛验证 核心理论概念通过多种操作化， 需要关闭。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from Applicant's Abstract): The present research plan aims efforts to understand between situational and personality variables affecting the person's need for cognitive closure and majors aspect of group interaction. We already know that several situational variables (time pressure, noise, fatigue, boredom) induce a need for closure, and that this need is reduced by a sense of accountability or the desirability of accurate judgments. We also know that the need for closure represent an enduring dimension of individual differences. We also know that the need for closure affect the way the individual processes information and forms opinions on a variety of topics. The present research sets out to investigate the effects need for closure may have on group interaction. A general thesis to be investigated is whether need for closure may not promote the evolution of a conservative attitude among the group members. More specifically, the following issues of interest will be investigated: I. Whether group members' need for closure induces the preference for authoritarian leadership and non-participative decision-making rules. II. Whether group members' need for closure leads to status-allocation on basis of diffuse social characteristics (e.g. gender). III. Whether group members' need for closure induces a resistance to change (represented e.g. by membership-shifts and variation in group- tasks). IV. Whether group members' need for closure affects intra-group relations, in particular those between a minority and the majority. V. Whether group members' need for closure leads to more positive attitude toward ingroup members and a greater differentiation between them and outgroup members. All the above issues bear on major ways in which individuals function in groups. Understanding those matters may have important health consequences both in terms of improving individuals' adjustment to groups, their ability to optimally function in groups and the ability of groups to optimally contribute to individuals' welfare. Altogether fifteen studies are proposed designed to allow convergent validation of the central theoretical notions through multiple operationalizations of the need for closure.