ENVIRONMENTAL/BEHAVIORAL INTERACTIONS AND DRUG TAKING

这是要求继续支持国家药物研究所 滥用研究科学家奖。长期目标和具体目标 建议研究重点放在发展可推广的 与环境和行为决定因素相关的知识 寻求毒品和吸毒，因为这些过程影响到公共健康 与药物滥用和依赖有关的关切。 更具体地说，拟议的调查将强调实验 强化、区分和生理依赖性的研究- 在实验动物和人体中产生药物滥用的功能 志愿者参与者，特别是最常见的 滥用阿片类药物、镇静“催眠”抗焦虑药和兴奋剂（例如， 海洛因、丁丙诺啡、苯二氮卓类、安非他明、可卡因）。两 将研究静脉内和口服给药途径， 将研究作用的分子机制。 还将进行调查，以确定急性和慢性 对感觉和运动功能的影响 单独和组合，以发展适当的行为 实验室灵长类动物的毒性数据库。这些研究将涉及 动物心理物理学方法的应用和扩展 药物对听觉和视觉阈值、反应 时间和元音辨别功能。 更多的研究将检查药物的决定因素和后果， 寻求和药物服用在人类志愿者的作用，重点是 涉及药物滥用的家族史（例如，酒精中毒） 生理、心理、主观和行为反应， 大麻并继续与巴尔的摩的合作项目 市卫生局和当地研究小组将延长这些药物 从滥用研究倡议到评估成本效益的新研究。 科学探究的这几个方面之间的相互关系 以及拟议研究的长远目标， 与药物依赖可能性和滥用倾向有关知识库 应该在一个统一的概念框架内理解， 环境/行为模型，用于整合多个交互 重点调查寻求毒品和吸毒问题的努力程度 作为公共卫生关注的关键方面。

This is a request for continued support of a National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Scientist Award. The long-term objectives and specific aims of the proposed research focus upon the development of generalizable knowledge relevant to the environmental and behavioral determinants of drug-seeking and drug-taking as these processes bear upon public health concerns related to drug abuse and dependence. More specifically, the proposed investigations will emphasize experimental studies of the reinforcing, discriminative, and physiological dependence- producing functions of drugs of abuse in laboratory animals and human volunteer participants with particular reference to the most commonly abused opioids, sedative"hypnotic"'anxiolytic, and stimulant agents (e.g., heroin, buprenorphine, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, cocaine). Both intravenous and oral routes of administration will be studied and molecular mechanisms of action will be investigated. Investigations will also be undertaken to determine the acute and chronic effects upon sensory and motor functions of such drugs of abuse both singly and in combination so as to develop an appropriate behavioral toxicity data base in laboratory primates. These studies will involve applications and extensions of animal psychophysical methods for assessment of drug effects upon auditory and visual thresholds, reaction times, and vowel discrimination functions. Additional studies will examine the determinants and consequences of drug- seeking and drug-taking in human volunteers with a focus upon the role of family history involving substance abuse (e.g., alcoholism) in modulating physiological, psychomotor, subjective, and behavioral responses to marijuana. And continuation of collaborative projects with the Baltimore City Health Department and local research groups will extend these drug abuse research initiatives to new studies assessing cost effectiveness. The interrelationships between these several aspects of scientific inquiry and the long-term objectives of the proposed research to enhance the knowledge base relevant to drug dependence potential and abuse liability is to be understood within the unifying conceptual framework of an environmental/behavioral model for integrating the multiple interacting levels of investigative effort focused upon drug-seeking and drug-taking as critical aspects of public health concern.