COCAINE EXPOSURE--REACHING, KINEMATICS, AND COGNITION

描述：(申请人摘要) 这项研究的目的是检查在宫内暴露于 可卡因损害婴儿潜在的认知和动机过程 触达行为。已经收集了99名婴儿的数据，使用了 由PI开发的范例，以鼓励婴儿操纵SEW或 记住的东西。这是对纵向研究的一个辅助研究， 多中心母亲生活方式研究(MLS)。基于母亲的病史和 胎粪试验，40名婴儿在宫内暴露，59名婴儿 未暴露；39%为早产。在这一过程中，有16项试验 赠送给婴儿，其中4个发出声音的物体顺时针方向移动 进入婴儿在光明和黑暗中到达的空间。会议是 录制下来，以便以后对到达、注意力、情感、动机、 本地化和认知度。建议书需要资源才能完成 婴幼儿的行为编码及运动学分析 伸展到。运动学测量描述了到达过程的质量 很可能反映出神经运动障碍以及认知和 运动规划中的情感成分。 该项目有6个具体目标，以检查：(目标1)影响 可卡因暴露对婴儿触觉活动的影响，包括 注意力/动机、达成结果的效率、听觉 定位和目标识别；(目标2)是否接触可卡因 影响婴儿注意、情感或行为的调节 探索环境；(目标3)接触可卡因是否会影响 达到过程的质量或效率，如运动学所示 参数，例如，平滑度、直线度、速度(目标4)，如果效果 当医疗或生活方式因素同时出现时，可卡因暴露持续存在 接触可卡因，包括出生体重低，吸食大麻，酗酒， 和较低的社会经济地位是不同的；(目标5)结构和 使用可比变量达到测量结果的预测有效性 MLS协议，包括8岁时的动机、注意力和行动的测量 和12个月；(目标6)可卡因暴露、认知、 以及运动行为，以确定伸展是否由婴儿的 认知和情感过程的调节与可卡因暴露。 这项研究中使用的独特范式允许对 在注意力和动机的更大背景下的运动行为 当任务很容易(在光线下)和更困难(在 黑暗)。积极的结果不仅描述了婴儿的探索行为，而且 还要确定可卡因影响的可能的介体和调节体 曝光。本研究的结果增加了药效的知识库 可卡因暴露对发育过程和结局的影响 认知发展。

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Abstract) The purpose of the study to is to examine whether in utero exposure to cocaine compromises cognitive and motivational processes underlying infants' reaching behavior. Data have already been collected on 99 infants using a paradigm developed by the PI to encourage infants' manipulation of seen or remembered objects. This is an ancillary study to the longitudinal, multi-center Maternal Lifestyles Study (MLS). Based on maternal history and meconium assay, 40 infants were identified as exposed in utero and 59 were nonexposed; 39% were preterm. During the procedure, sixteen trials were presented to the infant in which 4 objects emitting sounds moved clockwise into the infant's reaching space in the light and dark. Sessions were videotaped for later coding of reaching, attention, affect, motivation, localization, and recognition. The proposal requests resources to complete the behavioral coding as well as conduct kinematic analysis of infants' reaches. Kinematic measures describe the quality of the reaching process and are likely to reflect neuromotor deficits as well as cognitive and affective components of motor planning. This project has 6 specific aims that examine: (Aim 1) the effects of cocaine exposure on the components of infants' reaching activity including attention/motivation, efficiency of the reaching outcome, auditory localization and object recognition; (Aim 2) whether cocaine exposure affects infants' modulation of attention, affect or action during exploration of the environment; (Aim 3) whether cocaine exposure affects the quality or efficiency of the reaching process as shown by kinematic parameters, e.g., smoothness, straightness, velocity, (Aim 4) if the effects of cocaine exposure persist when medical or lifestyle factors that co-occur with cocaine exposure including low birthweight, marijuana use, alcohol use, and low socioeconomic status are covaried; (Aim 5) the construct and predictive validity of reaching measures using comparable variables from the MLS protocol including measures of motivation, attention, and action at 8 and 12 months; (Aim 6) the interrelations of cocaine exposure, cognitive, and motor behavior in order to determine if reaching is mediated by infants' modulation of cognitive and affective processes and cocaine exposure. The unique paradigm used in this study allows fine grain analysis of the motor act within the larger context of attentional and motivational processes when the task is easy (in the light) and more difficult (in the dark). Positive results not only describe infants' exploratory behavior but also identify possible mediators and moderators for the effects of cocaine exposure. Results of this study increase the knowledge base of the effects of cocaine exposure on developmental processes and outcomes essential to cognitive development.