CROSS-DOMAIN COMPREHENSION PROCESSES

拟议研究的全球目标是继续研究 不同通道内部和之间的理解过程。这将是 包括比较和对比口语和书面语，但将 也关注其他认知域之间的对比。在上一次 资助期内进行了多项内容丰富的实验， 提供了对以下理解过程的更好理解 这些模式/域是唯一的并由这些模式/域共享。然而，这项研究已经 留下了许多悬而未决的问题，并产生了一套新的 作为当前提案基础的问题。该方法 使用需要记录事件相关电位(ERP) 电极放置在多个大脑区域，而人类受试者 参与旨在挖掘理解过程的实验 以及跨医疗设备/领域。一个长期目标，这些研究 提供一个框架，将在正常情况下研究理解过程 儿童和有特殊阅读障碍的儿童。一共有4套 有明确的目标和相应的实验小组。1.结构 建筑研究。我们已经提出了格恩斯巴赫的结构建筑 理解模型最好地解释了各种发现 N4OO ERP组件。这一假设将在四个系列中进行检验。 实验。如果找到支持这种解释的证据，那么我们 我将使用N4OO来检查该模型的预测 学习。2.图像处理研究。在这些实验中， 图片和文字启动的相似性将扩展到短篇小说 基于静态图像和动态(运动)图像。这些将是 与相同故事的书面版本相比。3.邻里 研究。关于邻域大小(其他单词的数量)的文献 与目标词相似)揭示了方向上的不同 对口语和书面语的影响，以及更大的社区 促进书面语，但抑制口语。在四套 我们将比较和对比邻域大小的影响 不同的医疗模式。4.跨通道和队列研究。我们发现了 口语和书面语使用共同概念系统的证据 在理解过程中。然而，一项持续了几年的发现 实验表明，口语，而不是书面语或图片， 短主语/目标语的引数(语义和重复)效率低得多 间隔时间。为了解决这种不对称性，提出了两个实验 将操纵听觉主刺激的参数。其他人的目标 研究将确定句子上下文是否可以修饰时间- 以与马斯林一致的方式进行口语处理的过程- 威尔逊的队列模型。

The global aim of the proposed research is to continue the study of comprehension processes within and between different modalities. This will involve comparing and contrasting spoken and written language, but will also focus on contrasts between other cognitive domains. In the previous funding period a number of informative experiments were conducted which provided a better understanding of the comprehension processes that are unique to and shared by the modalities/domains. However, this research has left a number of issues unresolved and has generated a new set of questions which serve as the basis for the current proposal. The approach used will entail the recording of event-related potentials (ERPs) from electrodes placed over a number of brain regions while human subjects engage in experiments designed to tap comprehension processes both within and across modalities/domains. One long term goal, for which these studies provide a framework, will be to study comprehension processes in normal children and children with specific reading disabilities. There are 4 sets of specific aims and corresponding groups of experiments. 1. Structure Building Studies. We have proposed that Gernsbacher's Structure Building model of comprehension best accounts for a variety of findings with the N4OO ERP component. This hypothesis will be tested in a series of four experiments. If evidence favoring this interpretation is found, then we will use the N4OO to examine the predictions of this model in subsequent studies. 2. Picture Processing Studies. In these experiments work on the similarity of picture and word priming will be extended to short stories based on both still pictures and dynamic (moving) images. These will be compared to written versions of the same stories. 3. Neighborhood Studies. The literature on neighborhood size (the number of other words which resemble a target word) has revealed a difference in the direction of effects for spoken and written words, with larger neighborhoods facilitating written words, but inhibiting spoken words. In four sets of experiments we will compare and contrast the effects of neighborhood size across modalities. 4. Cross-modality & Cohort Studies. We have found evidence that spoken and written words use a common conceptual system during comprehension. However, one finding which persisted across several experiments was that spoken words, but not written words or pictures, were much less effective primes (semantic and repetition) at short prime/target intervals. To address this asymmetry two experiments are proposed which will manipulate parameters of auditory prime stimuli. The goal of other studies will be to determine if a sentence context can modify the time- course of spoken word processing in a manner consistent with Marslen- Wilson's Cohort model.