CROSS-DOMAIN COMPREHENSION PROCESSES

拟议研究的全球目标是继续研究 不同模态内和不同模态之间的理解过程。这将 涉及比较和对比口语和书面语，但将 也关注其他认知领域之间的对比。上一 在资助期间，进行了一些有益的实验， 更好地理解理解过程， 模式/域所特有并由模式/域共享。然而，这项研究 留下了一些未解决的问题，并产生了一套新的 作为当前提案基础的问题。的方法 将需要记录事件相关电位（ERP）， 电极放置在大脑的一些区域， 参与旨在利用理解过程的实验， 和跨模态/域。一个长期目标，这些研究 提供一个框架，将是研究正常的理解过程， 儿童和有特殊阅读障碍的儿童。共有4套 具体的目标和相应的实验组。1. 结构 建筑研究。我们建议Gernsbacher的结构建筑 理解模型最好地解释了各种研究结果， N4 OO ERP组件。这一假设将在一系列的四个测试 实验如果发现支持这种解释的证据，那么我们 我将使用N4 OO来检验这个模型的预测， 问题研究 2.图片处理研究。在这些实验中， 图片启动和单词启动的相似性将扩展到短篇小说 基于静止图像和动态（运动）图像。这些将是 与相同故事的书面版本相比。 3.邻域 问题研究关于邻域大小（其他单词的数量）的文献 与目标词相似）的方向 对口语和书面语的影响， 促进书面文字，但抑制口语。在四组 实验中，我们将比较和对比邻域大小的影响 跨模式。 4.跨模态和队列研究。我们发现 口语和书面语使用共同概念系统的证据 在理解中。然而，一个持续存在于几个国家的发现， 实验表明，口头文字，而不是书面文字或图片， 在短启动/目标时，有效启动（语义和重复）要少得多 的间隔为了解决这种不对称性，提出了两个实验， 将操纵听觉启动刺激的参数。其他目标 研究将确定句子上下文是否可以修改时间- 以与Marslen一致的方式进行口头文字处理的过程- 威尔逊的队列模型。

The global aim of the proposed research is to continue the study of comprehension processes within and between different modalities. This will involve comparing and contrasting spoken and written language, but will also focus on contrasts between other cognitive domains. In the previous funding period a number of informative experiments were conducted which provided a better understanding of the comprehension processes that are unique to and shared by the modalities/domains. However, this research has left a number of issues unresolved and has generated a new set of questions which serve as the basis for the current proposal. The approach used will entail the recording of event-related potentials (ERPs) from electrodes placed over a number of brain regions while human subjects engage in experiments designed to tap comprehension processes both within and across modalities/domains. One long term goal, for which these studies provide a framework, will be to study comprehension processes in normal children and children with specific reading disabilities. There are 4 sets of specific aims and corresponding groups of experiments. 1. Structure Building Studies. We have proposed that Gernsbacher's Structure Building model of comprehension best accounts for a variety of findings with the N4OO ERP component. This hypothesis will be tested in a series of four experiments. If evidence favoring this interpretation is found, then we will use the N4OO to examine the predictions of this model in subsequent studies. 2. Picture Processing Studies. In these experiments work on the similarity of picture and word priming will be extended to short stories based on both still pictures and dynamic (moving) images. These will be compared to written versions of the same stories. 3. Neighborhood Studies. The literature on neighborhood size (the number of other words which resemble a target word) has revealed a difference in the direction of effects for spoken and written words, with larger neighborhoods facilitating written words, but inhibiting spoken words. In four sets of experiments we will compare and contrast the effects of neighborhood size across modalities. 4. Cross-modality & Cohort Studies. We have found evidence that spoken and written words use a common conceptual system during comprehension. However, one finding which persisted across several experiments was that spoken words, but not written words or pictures, were much less effective primes (semantic and repetition) at short prime/target intervals. To address this asymmetry two experiments are proposed which will manipulate parameters of auditory prime stimuli. The goal of other studies will be to determine if a sentence context can modify the time- course of spoken word processing in a manner consistent with Marslen- Wilson's Cohort model.