CEREBELLAR CONTRIBUTION TO ADAPTIVE REACHING BEHAVIORS

描述(摘自申请人的摘要)本文件中提议的实验 GRANT REQUEST旨在检查小脑在 两种不同小脑依赖的适应性伸展运动的学习， 一种用于补偿像移棱镜，另一种用于补偿 对于施加弹性载荷能够使肢体从 它的预定轨迹。这些实验评估了普遍的假设 小脑在运动任务学习中的作用是非常重要的 依赖于任务。在第一组实验中， 小脑到棱镜的适应将在人类受试者和 猫被训练成在穿着形象置换时伸手去拿操作手 棱镜。我们的初步数据表明，这种补偿过程是 依赖于小脑，但方式与目前不同 相信。在第二组研究中，人类受试者和猫将被 所需的以适应在 到达运动状态。初步研究表明，这种适应 采用对高度依赖于在线的扰动的响应 由小脑进行处理。 这些实验将确定小脑患者和猫的容量。 失活的同侧插入和齿状核可获得和 保留这两种类型的自适应行为。小脑依赖 将正常获得的适应的特征与那些 控制小脑功能失调时的适应。那只猫 范例将被用来评估在大脑中发生的神经元相互作用。 小脑是收购的基础，也是这两者的执行 适应行为的类型。功能上的多个单一单元记录 小脑皮质和核团的相关区域将阐明 在特定的矢状区内的神经元相互作用 这些适应行为的习得和表现，强调 与小脑依赖学习特征相关的交互作用 进程。这些发现将揭示与以下方面相关的重要原则 学习运动行为是某些功能异常的基础 在小脑患者中，以及可能在 中央区消融病理后运动功能的恢复 神经系统。

DESCRIPTION (from applicant's abstract) The experiments proposed in this grant request are designed to examine the role of the cerebellum in the learning of two different cerebellar-dependent adaptive reaching movements, one to compensate for image displacing prisms and the other to compensate for the application of an elastic load capable of displacing the limb from its intended trajectory. The experiments assess the general hypothesis that the cerebellum's role in the learning of motor tasks is highly task-dependent. In the first group of experiments, the contribution of the cerebellum to prism adaptation will be explored in human subjects and in cats trained to reach for a manipulandum while wearing image displacing prisms. Our preliminary data indicate that this compensatory process is dependent on the cerebellum, but in a different manner than currently believed. In a second group of studies, human subjects and cats will be required to adapt to the application of an elastic load applied during a reaching movement. Preliminary studies indicate that this adaptation employs a response to the perturbation that is highly dependent upon on-line processing by the cerebellum. The experiments will determine the capacity of cerebellar patients and cats with inactivated ipsilateral interposed and dentate nuclei to acquire and retain these two types of adaptive behaviors. The cerebellar-dependent features of the adaptation acquired normally will be contrasted with those governing adaptation when the cerebellum is dysfunctional. The cat paradigms will be used to asses the neuronal interactions occurring in the cerebellum underlying the acquisition as well as the execution of these two types of adaptive behaviors. Multiple single unit recording in functionally related regions of the cerebellar cortex and nuclei will elucidate the neuronal interactions within a specific sagittal zone during both the acquisition and performance of these adaptive behaviors, emphasizing those interactions related to the cerebellar-dependent features of the learning process. The findings will reveal important principles related to the learning of motor behaviors, the basis for certain functional abnormalities in cerebellar patients, and general mechanisms which may be invoked during recovery of motor function following ablative pathology in the central nervous system.