INFANT ATTENTION AND PRESCHOOL COGNITIVE OUTCOME

在过去的十年里，婴儿期认知能力的测量 已被证明与儿童时期的认知状态相关， 青春期虽然这些注意力和认知记忆的测量 预测以后的认知状态， 传统的感觉运动婴儿测试，绝对水平的预测， 保持谦虚。本申请提出研究预测的 婴儿控制视觉习惯化过程中注视持续时间的有效性 范式，和新奇的喜好后评估习惯化。的 研究人员建议从3到9重复评估这些变量， 个月包括对注视持续时间的重复评估将允许 对于假设的检验，即关于发育变化过程的数据 在整个时期内观察持续时间将（a）增加预测的 该措施的有效性优于仅采取的类似措施， 一次或两次在婴儿期，和（B）提供洞察力， 可能有助于提高效率的基本机制或进程的独立性 这个预测。此外，将同时测量心率 与婴儿的期待在这些会议期间，以（a）提供 独立评估婴儿在幼儿园中的积极参与/注意力 范式，和（B）确定不同阶段的预测有效性 婴儿注意力已经被证明发生在婴儿寻找 视觉刺激最后，在每次婴儿评估中， 将在适应后的配对比较试验中进行评估。婴儿 新奇偏好被证明是认知结果的预测 在过去十年的一些研究中， 这种预测是由婴儿的刺激编码能力进行的， 或者通过对反应有贡献的识别记忆成分。 在所有受试者都被视觉化之后， 习惯于刺激理论上等同于个体差异， 编码，从而使我们能够检查新奇的预测有效性 偏好的条件下，编码过程是分离的， 记忆过程

Over the past decade, measures of cognitive performance in infancy have been shown to be correlated with cognitive status in childhood and adolescence. Although these measures of attention and recognition memory predict later cognitive status over and above that provided by more traditional sensorimotor infant tests, the absolute level of prediction remains modest. The present application proposes to study the predictive validity of look duration during an infant-controlled visual habituation paradigms, and of novelty preferences assessed after habituation. The investigators propose to assess these variables repeatedly from 3 to 9 months. The inclusion of repeated assessments of look duration will allow for the test of hypothesis that data on the course of developmental change in look duration across that period will (a) increase the predictive validity of the measure over similar measures that have been taken only once or twice during infancy, and (b) provide insight as to the independence of underlying mechanisms or processes that may contribute to this prediction. In addition, heart rate will be measured concurrently with infants' looking during these sessions in order to (a) provide independent evaluation of infants' active engagement/attention in the paradigm, and (b) determine the predictive validity of different phases of infant attention that have been shown to occur during infants looking to visual stimuli. Finally, at each infant assessment, novelty preference will be assessed in a paired-comparison test following habituation. Infant novelty preferences have been shown to be predictive of cognitive outcome in a number of studies over the last decade, but it is not clear whether such prediction is carried by the infant's facility in stimulus encoding, or by the recognition memory components that contribute to the response. The assessment of novelty preference after all subjects have been visually habituated to stimuli theoretically equates for individual differences in encoding, and thus allows us to examine the predictive validity of novelty preferences under conditions where encoding processes are dissociated from memory processes.