Wrongdoing in Spain 1800-1936: Realities, representations, reactions

这个项目提出了对十九世纪初到1936年西班牙内战开始的西班牙不法行为概念的批判性检查。在地理上和文化上，这个项目按时间顺序进行了广泛的考察，可以集中在概念化的特定领域。然而，在这些限制范围内，该项目将采取一种广泛的、甚至是宽容的方式来处理不当行为。因此，它一方面将包括一个正式的范围，从法律禁止的行为（无论是国家的还是地方的），通过教会禁止的行为（通过通谕，教理问答和布道），到更哲学的责任和代理问题，以及另一方面更流行的对不法行为的态度（主要通过短暂的出版物传达）。“不法行为”一词的范围很广。它不仅仅是立法认定的犯罪行为，还包括“道德上不公正、不公平、错误或不当的行为；正义：相反的、正确的或正义的；公平、善良或正直的否定”（OED）。不法行为暗示着行为、肇事者以及一系列的意图或意识。这是一个深刻的道德概念，其仲裁者可能来自各种学科，以及指的是法律所涵盖的错误。该项目的目的不是对西班牙的不法行为及其变迁进行历史或社会学的描述，而是探索社会对不法行为的理解，以及将其转化为文化世界的方式。因此，它不仅关注不法行为，还关注其引发的社会和文化反应。这些反应包括焦虑、愤怒、渴望报复、对不法行为的肇事者或受害者的认同，以及通过文化文物间接参与不法行为的可能性。它允许对我们作为文化消费者，从不法行为中获得某种乐趣的过程提出质疑。公众对它的明显迷恋可以追溯到中世纪的民谣，一直到19世纪的猛烈抨击，最终到我们这个时代对不法行为的耸人听闻的文学或视觉表现。虽然与特定的地点和时期明显相关，但该项目中提出的问题与理解现代文化有着明确的相关性，在现代文化中，不法行为持续存在，我们对其的迷恋仍在继续。因此，该项目提供了一个安全的空间，在这里可以研究引起敌意、兴奋和恐惧等反应的敏感问题。它跨越多种学科，将不法行为作为一种复杂的文化现象、一种消费的文化对象以及一种深刻而重要的社会概念来对待。该项目的一个关键部分是对剑桥大学图书馆和大英图书馆中大量流行材料进行编目和数字化，这与它对流行材料的重视有关。这种材料是“小手册”，是一种短暂的类型，经常哗众取宠，并习惯性地在街上出售。它包括关于不法行为的民谣和散文作品，其中一些与真实的犯罪行为或道德违规有关，另一些则是虚构的。这些材料为该项目提供了丰富的调查来源，并将与其他材料（一方面是报纸对犯罪的报道，司法程序，以及在大众文化和精英文化中发现的关于不法行为的虚构作品）结合起来阅读。“pliegos sueltos”的数字化将对英语文化材料的管理、保护和增强可及性做出重大贡献，并使研究能够在更广泛的英语学术和文化材料中进行，并使研究能够在更广泛的学术和文化背景中进行。

This project proposes a critical examination of concepts of wrongdoing in Spain from the start of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the Spanish Civil War in 1936. Taking a broad chronological sweep across a geographically and culturally contained area this project allows for concentration on specific areas of conceptualization. Within those confines, however, the project will take a broad, even a catholic, approach to wrongdoing. Thus it will encompass on the one hand a formal spectrum ranging from acts forbidden by the law (whether national or local), through acts forbidden by the Church (and conveyed through encyclicals, catechisms and sermons), to more philosophical questions of responsibility and agency, and on the other more popular attitudes to wrongdoing (conveyed characteristically through ephemeral publications). The term 'wrongdoing' is used to encompass a broad range. It is more than what is found to be criminal by legislation, and covers what is 'morally unjust, unfair, amiss or improper; the opposite or right or justice; the negation of equity, goodness or rectitude' (OED). Wrongdoing suggests actions, perpetrators, and a spectrum of intention or awareness. It is a profoundly moral concept, the arbiters of which may come from a variety of disciplines, as well as referring to wrongs covered by the law. Rather than a historical or sociological account of wrongdoing and its vicissitudes in Spain the intention of the project is to explore society's understanding of wrongdoing, and the way that this is translated into the world of culture. It is thus concerned not just with wrongdoing, but with the social and cultural responses it elicits. Such responses include anxiety, anger, desire for retribution, identification with perpetrators or victims of wrongdoing, the potential for vicarious engagement with wrongdoing through cultural artefacts. It allows for questioning of the processes through which it is evident that we, as cultural consumers, take a type of pleasure in wrongdoing. The evident public fascination with it can be traced from medieval ballad through to nineteenth-century broadsides, and eventually to sensationalist literary or visual representations of wrongdoing in our day.While clearly related to a specific place and period, the questions raised for examination in the project have clear relevance for understanding modern culture, where wrongdoing persists, and where our fascination with it continues. The project thus provides a safe space within which sensitive issues that provoke reactions such as hostility, excitement and horror can be examined. Crossing a variety of disciplines, it engages with wrongdoing as a complex cultural phenomenon, a cultural object for consumption as well as a profound and vital concept for society.A key part of the project, related to its emphasis on popular material, is the cataloguing and digitization of a significant body of popular material held at the University Library, Cambridge, and the British Library. This material is of 'pliegos sueltos' (chapbooks) and is an ephemeral genre, frequently sensationalist, and habitually sold in the street. It includes ballads and prose writings on wrongdoing, some of them relating to real acts of crime or moral infraction, others being fictional in nature. This body of material offers a rich source of investigation for the project, and will be read in conjunction with other material (newspaper accounts of crime, judicial proceedings on the one hand, and fictional works on wrongdoing to be found in both popular culture and elite culture). The digitization of the 'pliegos sueltos' will be a significant contribution to the stewardship, conservation and enhanced accessibility of a body of cultural material which has its counterparts in English, and which allow the research to take place in a broader academic and cultural material which has its counterparts in English, and which allows the research to take place in a broader academic and cultural context.