Creative Participation in Planning and Housing

该项目探索了纽卡斯尔、坎布里亚郡和布里斯托尔的三个“先锋社区”如何在最初的斗争中拥有发言权后，利用创造力参与到地方制定和规划实践中。该项目的主要实证结果说明了不同的原地创造方法，每种方法都取得了一定的成功。纽卡斯尔、坎布里亚和布里斯托尔的场地进行了创造性的改造，以反映老年人和年轻人的需求和兴趣，并“美化”斯托克斯克罗夫特的环境。正如预期的那样，该项目揭示了在定义“社区”是谁、创造力是什么以及以谁的名义实践创造力方面的一些困难，特别是当行动更加个性化时。然而，该项目初步表明，当群体的代表性较低，决策者和资助者的参与较少时，创造力可能会更大。特别是，它提出了这样一种可能性，即当社区参与者从“局外人”变成“局内人”，不再需要为被听到而挣扎，他们参与的创造性实践就会减少。然而，在发生这种情况的纽卡斯尔，长老们仍然利用他们的创造力吸引新成员加入论坛。该项目发现，当通过社区参与者的经验理解时，场所制作比传统的规划实践更广泛，更有材料。就地方主义议程而言，这表明参与应该被广泛理解，促进对“感受环境”和建筑环境的投入。未来的研究应该集中在社区创造力和代表性如何相互关联，以及如何在地方一级促进参与这些更广泛的场所创造概念。

This project explored how three 'pioneer communities' in Newcastle, Cumbria and Bristol use creativity to involve themselves in place-making and planning practices after initial struggles to have a voice in the process. The key empirical findings from the project illustrate divergent approaches to creativity in place-making with each having some success. Sites in Newcastle, Cumbria and Bristol have been creatively transformed to reflect the needs and interests of older and younger people and to 'beautify' the environment in Stokes Croft.As anticipated, the project revealed some difficulties in defining who 'the' community is, what creativity is and in whose name such creativity is practised, particularly when action is more individualised. However, the project tentatively suggested that creativity might be greater when groups are less representative and when decision-makers and funders are less involved. In particular, it raised the possibility that when community participants go from being 'outsiders' to 'insiders' and no longer have to struggle so much to be heard they engage in fewer creative practices. In Newcastle, however, where this happened the Elders still used their creativity to attract new members to the forum.This project found that when understood through the experiences of community participants that place-making is broader and more material than planning practices as conventionally conceived. In terms of the localism agenda this suggests that participation should be broadly understood, facilitating input on the 'felt environment' as much as the built environment. Future research should be focused on how neighbourhood creativity and representation can be interrelated and how participation in these broader conceptions of place-making can be facilitated at the local level.