Imagining Jerusalem, 1099 to the Present Day

2012年7月，来自世界各地的观众观看了伦敦奥运会开幕式表演--并与之嬉戏--将一个充满活力的英国想象成一个新的耶路撒冷的悠久民族传统。耶路撒冷可能是世界上最具标志性的城市：作为一个物理空间和一系列经常引起争议的记忆和想法而存在的最具共鸣的地方，具有泛地中海和泛欧洲的传统。这个项目将采用长期的历史观点来探索从第一次十字军东征(1099年)对耶路撒冷的围困到现在，这座城市在整个欧洲和其他地方进行了富有想象力的重建、重新征服和重新安置的各种方式。我们将汇集来自英国、欧洲和美国的专家网络，建立一座城市的第一个接受史，并为耶路撒冷辩护，因为它是一个被挪用并在物质改造、政策、公共话语、文学和艺术的丰富领域进行修改的想法。我们的调查将把我们从色情的自负带到乌托邦的愿景，调查耶路撒冷是如何以及为什么成为分裂、哀悼和损失的原型，以及天国荣耀和城市规划中新颖项目的原型。《想象耶路撒冷》的案例研究提供了一个理想的机会，直接面对当今艺术和人文学科研究中面临的一些困难问题：作为一项文化运动，遗产的意义是什么，政治是什么？文化和集体记忆是如何形成的，它们如何有助于并界定关于未来及其可能的形态的想法？在当下解释过去的教训需要什么样的想象力？在关键的历史时刻，流行的集体形式的记忆和文化是如何在政治、法律和概念话语中被使用或帮助塑造的？拟议中的网络将为研究人员创建一个中心，通过一个具体且高度共鸣的主题来解决这些问题。网络成员将在纽约、伦敦和帕尔马的研讨会上会面三次；每个研讨会将由一个可访问的公共线索提供信息，其中将借鉴当地的关键例子，从索拉尼亚的浮斯托·利维犹太教堂和博物馆(以前是被帕尔玛排除在外的犹太侨民的犹太教堂，在最近转世为遗产和纪念空间之前是法西斯社交俱乐部)，到威斯敏斯特大教堂的耶路撒冷会议厅，那里是英格兰及其邻国一系列关键政治和戏剧性时刻的所在地。我们将赞助一系列双头公开讲座，旨在将过去的历史和当前的关切带入对话，我们将邀请公众加入我们的“美食”活动，探索美食(从面包和奶酪的朝圣餐到Yotam Ottolenghi和Sami Tamimi明确和缓的烹饪)如何将耶路撒冷的风味和习俗带到欧洲各地的社区。我们的发现和对话将作为一个覆盖全球的博客的一部分发表，该博客将以播客、短片和对网络成员的采访为特色，以及一系列引人注目的历史案例和例子。我们将共同努力，制作一份主要国际期刊的跨时期特刊，展示耶路撒冷作为理念和想象空间的令人烦恼和充满活力的历史，以及泛历史、比较和跨学科研究的回报。

In July 2012, viewers from across the world watched as the London Olympics Opening Ceremony performed -- and played with -- the longstanding national tradition of imagining a dynamic Britain as a new Jerusalem. Jerusalem is perhaps the world's most iconic city: the place that exists most resonantly as both a physical space and a series of often-contested memories and ideas with a pan-Mediterranean and pan-European heritage. This project will adopt a long historical view to explore the variety of ways the city has been imaginatively rebuilt, reconquered, and relocated across Europe and beyond, from the Siege of Jerusalem during the First Crusade (1099) to the present day. We will draw together a network of experts from Britain, Europe, and the United States to build the first reception history of a city, and to argue for Jerusalem as an idea which has been appropriated and reworked across a rich terrain of material remakings, policy, public discourse, literature and the arts. Our invesigations will take us from pornographic conceits to Utopian visions, investigating how and why Jerusalem became an archetype for division, lamentation, and loss, as well as for celestial glory and novel projects in urban planning.The case study of 'Imagining Jerusalem' offers an ideal opportunity to confront directly some of the difficult issues facing research in the Arts and Humanities today: what is the meaning, and what are the politics, of heritage as a cultural movement? How are cultural and collective memories forged, and how do they contribute to, but also delimit, ideas about the future and its possible shapes? What acts of imagination are necessary to interpret the lessons of the past within the present moment? How have popular and collective forms of memory and culture been used within, or helped to shape, political, legal, and conceptual discourses at crucial historical moments? The proposed network will create a hub for researchers to address these questions through a specific, and highly resonant, theme.Network members will meet three times at workshops in York, London, and Parma; each workshop will be informed by an accessible, public strand, which will draw on key local examples, from the Fausto Levi Synagogue and Museum in Soragna (formerly a synagogue for the Jewish diaspora excluded from Parma, then a Fascist social club before its most recent reincarnation as a space of heritage and memorialisation), to the Jerusalem Chamber in Westminster Abbey, site of a series of key political and dramatic moments for England and its neighbours. We will sponsor a series of double-header public lectures which will be designed explicitly to bring past histories and present concerns into conversation, and we will invite members of the public to join us for a 'foodways' event, exploring how gastronomy (from the pilgrim dinner of bread and cheese to the explicitly conciliatory cooking of Yotam Ottolenghi and Sami Tamimi) has brought the flavours and customs of Jerusalem into communities across Europe. Our findings and conversations will be published as part of a blog, with a global reach, which will feature podcasts, short films, and interviews with network members, as well as a series of compelling historical case studies and examples. We will work together to create a cross-period special issue of a major, international journal, showcasing both the vexed and vibrant history of Jerusalem as idea and imagined space, and the rewards of pan-historical, comparative, interdisciplinary research.