Welfare, Conflict and Memory during and after the English Civil Wars, 1642-1700

最近的估计表明，英格兰和威尔士超过3%的人口直接死于1642-51年的内战：这一比例的人口损失比英国在第一次世界大战期间遭受的损失还要大。该项目将通过在一个免费访问、完全可搜索的网站上发布数千名受伤的退伍军人和战争寡妇为获得经济援助而提交的原始请愿书，比以往任何时候都更深入地说明英国17世纪中期灾难的社会、经济和文化后果。这些请愿书起草于1642年至1700年之间，它们生动地证明了普通人在可怕的创伤、创伤、痛苦和损失中生活的感受。通过免费提供它们，这个项目将这些战争的骇人听闻的个人后果栩栩如生。它将向广大公众展示在这场冲突中在手术、医院和养老金方面取得的重大进展，同时强调在武装敌对行动结束后，战争的后果如何持续了几代人。2015年5月，位于纽瓦克博物馆的国家内战中心开放，这一项目尤其及时，国际和平组织自2011年以来一直与该组织合作。自2013年以来，AHRC就这一主题授予了四名博士生，并成功向沃尔夫森基金会申请资助纽瓦克的一个研究中心，这是该项目的基础。这也是第一次组建一个内战请愿专家团队，他们来自学术阶梯的各个层面。PI和CO-IS将各自负责协调商定的地区(霍珀-北部、斯托伊尔-南部、阿普尔比-东部、鲍文-威尔士和游行)。这将包括识别档案文件、有限的抄写工作、元数据捕获、从季度会议的订单簿输入数据、安排照片并将内容提供给IT团队以汇集到网站上。该项目将分析残疾士兵和战争寡妇使用的策略，以获得慈善救济。它将审查请愿书中呼吁援助的语言，以及寡妇恳求地方法官和中央政府确保其已故丈夫拖欠工资的不同方式。它还将审查请愿人如何代表服兵役，他们如何将自己塑造为“应得的案例”，他们如何利用权威的期望，以及请愿书以何种方式反映了应得的感觉。请愿书中的信息将加深我们对早期现代穷人如何努力通过所谓的“临时经济”来维持自己的理解。还将考虑请愿书的地域分布情况，以及不同政权给予救济的目的。县档案管理员将提供请愿书的数字图像和支持的医疗证明，这些文件保存在全国各地的收藏品中。然后，我们的博士后研究员将转录这些文件，这些文件将在网站上供搜索，并附有上下文评论以指导用户。档案库将保留数字图像和抄本的副本，以丰富和加强对其藏品的访问。该网站将可在多个领域进行搜索，如姓名、性别、教区、县、服役细节、部队、受伤性质、请愿人职业、请愿结果以及发放的酬金或养老金数额。这将允许映射和比较数据。还将提供分面搜索。该网站将提供英格兰和威尔士内战历史的全国性资源，其规模与欧洲旗舰数字化项目--1641年爱尔兰的证词--相当：http://www.1641.tcd.ie/

Recent estimates suggest that over 3% of the population of England and Wales died as a direct result of the Civil Wars of 1642-51: a greater proportional loss of population than Britain suffered during World War One. This project will illustrate the social, economic and cultural consequences of England's mid seventeenth-century catastrophe in greater depth than ever before by publishing the original petitions which thousands of wounded ex-soldiers and war widows submitted in order to gain financial aid - on a free-access, fully searchable website. These petitions, drawn-up between 1642 and 1700, provide graphic testimonies of what it felt like for ordinary people to live with horrific wounds, trauma, suffering and loss. By making them freely available, this project brings to life the appalling personal consequences of these wars. It will expose a wide public audience to the significant advances in surgery, hospitals and pensions made during this conflict, while at the same time underscoring how the war's consequences persisted for generations after armed hostilities had come to an end.The project is particularly timely with the opening of the National Civil War Centre at Newark Museum in May 2015, an organisation with which the PI has collaborated since 2011. It builds upon the award of four AHRC PhD studentships on this topic since 2013, and a successful application to the Wolfson Foundation to fund a research centre at Newark. It is also the first time that a team of experts on civil war petitions has been assembled, drawn from every level of the academic ladder. The PI and Co-Is will each be responsible for co-ordinating agreed regions (Hopper - north, Stoyle - south, Appleby - east, and Bowen - Wales and the Marches). This will involve identifying the archival documents, limited transcription work, metadata capture, inputting data from the quarter sessions' order books, arranging photos and feeding content through to the IT team to assemble onto the website.The project will analyse the strategies which were used by and on behalf of maimed soldiers and war widows to obtain charitable relief. It will examine the language used in the petitions to appeal for aid and the different ways in which widows pleaded with local justices and central government to secure their deceased husbands' arrears of pay. It will also examine how petitioners represented military service, how they fashioned themselves as 'deserving cases', how they played upon magisterial expectations, and in what ways petitions reflected feelings of entitlement. The information in the petitions will develop our understanding of how the early modern poor endeavoured to sustain themselves through what has been well-termed the 'economy of makeshifts'. The geographical spread of the petitions will also be considered, as will the aims of the various regimes in granting relief. County archivists will provide digital images of the petitions and supporting medical certificates which survive in collections scattered across the country. Our Postdoctoral Researcher will then transcribe those documents, which will be made available for searching on a website, together with contextual commentaries to guide users. Archival repositories will retain copies of both the digital images and transcriptions to enrich and enhance access to their own holdings. The website will be searchable across fields such as name, gender, parish, county, details of service, military unit, nature of wounds sustained, occupation of petitioner, outcome of petition, and size of gratuity or pension awarded. This will allow data to be mapped and compared. A faceted search will also be available. This website will provide a national resource for Civil War history in England and Wales on a scale to parallel that of the flagship European digitisation project, the 1641 Depositions in Ireland: http://www.1641.tcd.ie/