Deathscapes and Diversity in multicultural England and Wales. Making space for minorities' and migrants' bodily remains, ritual and remembrance.

鉴于英国的种族和宗教日益多样化(英国国家统计局，2012)，在实践和政治上提出了许多关于在英国内部不同地生活在一起的挑战(Keith，2005)。人们的注意力主要集中在黑人和少数民族的住房、教育、就业和休闲模式上，但移民和少数族裔在墓地、火葬场和仪式和纪念场所(“死亡景观”)方面的需求却没有得到很好的理解或提供。虽然死亡、遗体处置地点以及哀悼和纪念活动是普遍现象，但在一个多元文化的社会中，它们是以不同的方式谈判、实践和仪式化的。鉴于在国家或地方层面上缺乏系统的规划政策，我们认为，准备好多样性的死亡是一个一体化的多元文化社会的一个必要但目前被忽视的方面。为融合创造条件是多元文化英国政府的优先事项(英国政府，2012年)。政府政策认识到，挑战是多方面的，融合来自于在日常生活中找到共同点；它寻求“激励和使民间社会和地方地区能够就对它们重要的融合问题采取行动”(同上，第19页)。在这里，我们建议使用英格兰和威尔士的四个案例研究城镇(哈德斯菲尔德、北安普顿、斯温登和纽波特)，以探索一系列地理区域和不同动态多元文化背景下的日常死亡和多样性问题。这个项目将与一系列少数族裔和移民社区的成员合作，为理解英格兰和威尔士的多样性、死亡和纪念带来新的见解，调查：a)对遗体处置和纪念的具体文化空间的需求，包括实物和虚拟的；b)在场所、习俗和/或信仰社区内共有的社会文化习俗和多样性的证据；d)在多元文化社会中，诸如葬礼和纪念活动等生命周期仪式在身份形成和归属感方面的作用；d)地方当局规划者和丧葬服务提供者如何应对，以更好地满足这些需求。该项目的创新之处在于，在通过焦点小组和传记访谈收集数据之前，利用死亡咖啡馆S与当地人会面，了解每个地区与死亡有关的问题和关切，并使用绘画、模型制作和照片日志等创造性做法来了解目前的供应情况和理想的墓地/火葬场/纪念地设计。这些视觉材料将出现在项目反馈巡回展览的最后，该展览将在每个案例研究城镇展出，并在每个展览场地与最终死亡一起展出。该项目将在英格兰和威尔士引发关于少数族裔死亡景观提供问题的公开辩论，特别是在案例研究城镇，并向地方当局规划者以及公共和私人丧葬服务提供者提供政策建议，这些建议将出现在与参与者、提供者和政策制定者(包括皇家城市规划研究所和墓地和火葬场管理研究所)举行的公共研讨会上发布的一份报告中。我们期待当地和全国媒体对项目结果、建议及其项目巡回展览的结束感兴趣。

In light of increasing ethnic and religious diversity in the UK (ONS 2012), many challenges have been raised practically and politically about living together in difference within in Britain (Keith, 2005). Much attention has focused upon Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) patterns of housing, education, employment and leisure, but migrant and established minority needs relating to cemetery, crematoria and sites of ritual and remembrance ('deathscapes') are less well understood or provided for. While death, sites of bodily disposal and practices of mourning and remembrance are universal phenomena, they are negotiated, practiced and ritualised in diverse ways within a multicultural society. Given the lack of systematic planning policy for this at national or local levels, we argue that diversity-ready deathscapes are a necessary but currently neglected aspect of an integrated multicultural society. Creating the conditions for integration is a government priority in multicultural Britain (UK Gov 2012). Government policy recognises that challenges are multifaceted and that integration comes from finding common ground in everyday life; it seeks to 'inspire and enable civil society and local areas to take action on integration issues that are important to them' (ibid., p19). Here, we propose using four case study towns in England and Wales (Huddersfield, Northampton, Swindon and Newport) in order to explore everyday deathscapes and diversity issues across a range of geographical regions and varied dynamic multicultural settings. This project will work with members of a range of minority and migrant communities to bring new insight to understanding diversity, death and remembrance in England and Wales, investigating: a) demand for culturally-specific spaces of bodily disposal and remembrance, both physical and virtual b) evidence of shared socio-cultural practice and diversity within communities of place, practice and/or beliefc) the role of lifecycle rites such as funerals and memorialisation in identity formation and sense of belonging within a multicultural society d) how local authority planners and Bereavement Service providers can respond to better meet these needs. The project will be innovative in its use of Death Cafés to meet local people and learn about death-related issues and concerns in each area before collecting data through focus groups and biographical interviews, as well as using creative practices of drawing, model-making and photo-logs to understand current provision and ideal cemetery/crematoria/memorial site design. This visual material will feature in the end of project feedback touring exhibition which will be shown in each case study town, alongside a final Death in each exhibition venue. The project will prompt public debate around the subject of minority deathscape provision in England and Wales, especially in the case study towns, as well as providing policy recommendations to local authority Planners and public and private Bereavement Service providers, which will feature in a report launched at a public workshop with participants, providers and policy-makers, including the Royal Town Planning Institute and Institute of Cemetery and Crematorium Management. We anticipate local and national media interest in the project findings, recommendations and its end of project touring exhibition.