Co-creating heritage: bottom-up planning for heritage management in rural areas

管理计划（MP）是评估物质文化遗产资源和相关非物质价值的默认手段，它提供了一份可定期修订的文件，说明有关资源的战略目标、其背景以及在保护、解释和宣传方面的总体状况。拟定一项重大计划可能是一个复杂、耗时的过程，而且管理机构通常缺乏资源，无法深入评估当地社区对有关遗产的看法和期望。在这些紧迫的情况下，签约准备MP的专业人员往往专注于场地/景观/建筑物的明显需求，浏览当地复杂的社会/文化价值观。因此，当地社区即使得到承认，也不可能有意义地参与。他们的优先事项和愿景退化为一揽子指令，通常来自有限时间的焦点小组。这些问题在农村地区更为严重，农村地区的结构性问题和日常生活困难（例如，耗时的通勤、采访者的“城市”心态）往往会直接概括当地的看法，并进一步压制妇女、儿童、不稳定工人和移民等被边缘化的人的声音。CHeriScape网络项目也强调了类似的问题，该项目是在文化遗产联合规划倡议的跨国试点呼吁下资助的十个项目之一，该项目将文化价值置于以人为本的背景下，将遗产作为一个鼓励更广泛公众参与的谈判竞技场进行辩论。CHeriScape确定了大量的技术来将这些想法付诸实践，其中大多数技术的核心是共同建设，这些技术往往在地方一级发挥最大作用。“在全球化世界中走向本地化”的挑战在本提案中通过使用RES.CO.PART工具来解决，这是一个创新的移动的应用程序，它也从我们最初的AHRC项目中汲取灵感。RES.CO.PART旨在促进社区作为利益攸关方的有效参与，并采用移动的应用程序的形式，作为收集与感兴趣的地方/地点有关的人种学信息的探测器。澳大利亚人权委员会的报告“理解艺术和文化的价值”提供了一个强大的激励，根据CHeriScape的任务，通过使用RES.CO.PART工具，重新审视我们最初的澳大利亚人权委员会研究的结果。我们拟议的项目将试图确定如何使文化遗产和景观与纳克索斯当地社区更加相关，同时试图正式确定适用于英国其他农村地区及其他地区的更广泛的方法。为此，将通过参与性和创造性活动，重新利用收集到的数据，并让主要和边缘利益攸关方参与，为案例研究地区的文化资源编制一份共同创建的管理文件。在此过程中收集的数据还将用于构建一个创新的、开放源代码的、易于定制的数字工具包，使遗产专业人员和遗产管理相关方能够进行有效的互动，记录新兴的文化价值观，并促进其在遗产资源现实决策中的适用性。在我们以前的AHRC资助的项目中收集的数据将用于启动与当地利益相关者的对话，这些利益相关者已经在我们2006- 2007年的研究和随后的实地工作中被确定和参与。他们参与该计划将使我们能够为该领域制定一份合作管理文件，但也提供了必要的洞察力，以制定工具包的产出，参考MP的传统部分。

A Management Plan (MP), the default means to assess tangible cultural heritage resources and associated intangible values, provides a periodically revisable document describing strategic goals over the resources in question, their context and their overall state in terms of conservation, interpretation and promotion. The preparation of a MP can be a complex, time-consuming process and commonly the management bodies lack the resources to develop an in-depth assessment of local communities' views and aspirations for the heritage in question. In these pressing circumstances, the professionals contracted to prepare the MP tend to focus on the obvious needs of the site/landscape/building, skimming through the complicated universe of social/cultural values that reside at the local level. Thus, local communities, even though acknowledged, are not likely to be meaningfully involved. Their priorities and visions degrade into blanket directives, frequently sourced from limited-time focus groups. These issues are aggravated in rural areas, where structural problems and difficulties of everyday life (for example, time-consuming commuting, 'urban' mentality of interviewers) tend to bluntly generalise local perceptions and further mute marginalised voices of people such as women, children, precarious workers and immigrants. Similar issues were highlighted in the CHeriScape network project, one of the ten projects funded under the transnational pilot call of the Joint Programming Initiative on Cultural Heritage, that located cultural values within a people-centred context, debating heritage as an arena for negotiation that encourages participation by a wider public. CHeriScape identified a wealth of techniques to put these ideas into practice, most of them with co-construction at their heart that tend to work best at the local level. The challenge of 'going local in a global world' is tackled in this proposal by the use of the RES.CO.PART tool, an innovative mobile application, which also draws its inspiration from our original AHRC project. RES.CO.PART is designed to promote the efficient involvement of communities as stakeholders and has the form of a mobile application, functioning as a probe for collecting ethnographic information, related to places/sites of interest. The AHRC report "Understanding the value of arts & culture" provided a strong incentive to revisit the results of our original AHRC research, in the light of the CHeriScape mandates, through the use of the RES.CO.PART tool. Our proposed project will attempt to identify ways that can make cultural heritage and landscape more relevant to the local communities of Naxos, attempting to formalise, at the same time, a broader methodology applicable in other rural areas of the UK and beyond. For this reason, a co-created management document for the cultural resources of the case-study area will be developed through participatory and creative activities, re-using collected data and involving both prominent and marginal stakeholders. The data collected in the process will also be used to build an innovative, open-source and easily customisable digital toolkit that will allow the efficient interaction of heritage professionals and interested parties in heritage management, documenting the emerging cultural values and promoting their applicability in real-life decisions on heritage resources.The case study selected for the development of the toolkit is the island of Naxos in Greece. The data collected in our previous AHRC funded project will be used to initiate the dialogue with local stakeholders that have already been identified and engaged during our 2006-7 research and subsequent fieldwork in the area. Their participation in the scheme will allow us to develop a collaborative management document for the area but also provide the necessary insight to formulate the outputs of the toolkit with reference to the traditional sections of a MP.