Reason, Right, and Revolution: Practical Philosophy between Kant and Hegel.

拟议中的研究网络将汇集一批国际哲学历史学家，讨论和探索早期后康德主义的实践哲学（即道德、法律和政治哲学）。早期的后康德主义者包括J.B.艾哈德、P.J.A.费尔巴哈、早期的J.G.费希特、F.根茨、S.迈蒙、J. Möser、A.W.雷赫伯格、E. Reimarus、K.L.莱因霍尔德、早期的F.W.J.谢林、F. Schlegel和T. Schmalz。早期的后康德主义者是在康德对道德哲学的开创性贡献——1785年的《道德形而上学的基础》和1788年的《实践理性批判》——之后写作的。这些著作被广泛认为开创了实践哲学的一场革命：与之前的哲学家不同，康德认为，道德原则不应在先天的道德感中或在超越的上帝的命令中寻求，而应在人类的理性和自由中寻求。尽管康德开启了一场革命，但他并没有——至少最初没有——充分解释其对“法哲学”（法律和政治哲学）的影响，也没有明确说明其对政治实践的影响。早期的后康德主义者认为，他们的任务是通过深化康德对道德的解释，发展一种真正的康德式的法律和政治哲学，来完成康德在实践哲学中的革命。为了完成这一任务，早期后康德主义者必须努力解决几个问题。首先，他们必须确定康德对道德理论贡献的真正性质和意义。其次，他们必须对康德道德的规范和原则与法律和政治哲学的规范和原则之间的关系采取立场。第三，他们必须在一个与康德密切相关的问题上表明立场，即理论与实践的关系的本质。最后，他们不得不面对两个具有重大政治意义的问题：康德道德理论的原则是为革命的权利辩护，还是将其排除在外？康德的道德理论对人权，对妇女和非欧洲人的权利有什么影响？在解决这些问题的过程中，早期后康德主义者产生了大量丰富而复杂的作品，这些作品在哲学上具有持久的重要性。早期后康德学派的实践哲学在英语哲学史上相对被忽视。然而，这种情况正在开始改变。部分得益于弗雷德里克·贝塞尔（Frederick Beiser）和雷达尔·马利克斯（Reidar Maliks）等学者的工作，人们最近对早期后康德实践哲学的兴趣有所增长。提议的网络旨在通过汇集一群国际学者来探索早期后康德实践哲学的性质、意义和当代相关性，从而建立并进一步发展这种兴趣。这种合作探索不仅将加深我们对早期后康德实践哲学的理解；它还将加深我们对18世纪和19世纪德国哲学的理解，并为政治思想史、法律和政治理论的研究开辟新的途径。提议的网络将通过一系列四个主题研讨会探索早期后康德实践哲学的性质和意义，每个研讨会将解决上述一个或多个问题。研讨会还将探讨早期后康德实践哲学对当代康德学术以及当代法律和政治理论辩论的影响。该网络将由一系列早期后康德实践哲学的翻译来补充和支持。这些翻译将在项目过程中出版，将使更广泛的读者能够批判性地参与研究网络将探索的文献。

The proposed research network will bring together an international group of historians of philosophy to discuss and explore the practical philosophy (viz., the moral, legal, and political philosophy) of the early post-Kantians. The early post-Kantians include figures such as J.B. Erhard, P.J.A. Feuerbach, the early J.G. Fichte, F. Gentz, S. Maimon, J. Möser, A.W. Rehberg, E. Reimarus, K.L. Reinhold, the early F.W.J. Schelling, F. Schlegel, and T. Schmalz. The early post-Kantians wrote in the aftermath of Kant's pathbreaking contributions to moral philosophy-the 1785 Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals and the 1788 Critique of Practical Reason. These works were widely regarded as inaugurating a revolution in practical philosophy: In opposition to previous philosophers, Kant argued that the principles of morality were not to be sought in an innate moral sense or in the commands of a transcendent God, but in human rationality and freedom. Although Kant inaugurated a revolution, he did not - at least not initially - fully explain its implications for the 'philosophy of right' (legal and political philosophy) or provide an unambiguous account of its implications for political practice. The early post-Kantians saw it as their task to complete Kant's revolution in practical philosophy by deepening his account of morality and by developing an authentically Kantian legal and political philosophy. In order to discharge this task, the early post-Kantians had to grapple with several issues. First, they had to determine the true nature and significance of Kant's contribution to moral theory. Secondly, they had to adopt a position concerning the relationship between the norms and principles of Kantian morality and the norms and principles of legal and political philosophy. Thirdly, they had to take a stance on an issue that greatly concerned Kant-namely, the nature of the relationship between theory and practice. Finally, they had to confront two questions of burning political import: Do the principles of Kantian moral theory justify a right to revolution, or do they rather rule it out? What are the implications of Kant's moral theory for human rights, and for the rights of women and non-Europeans? In tackling these issues, the early post-Kantians produced a body of rich and sophisticated work that is of enduring philosophical importance.The practical philosophy of the early post-Kantians has been relatively neglected in Anglophone history of philosophy. However, this is beginning to change. Thanks in part to the work of scholars such as Frederick Beiser and Reidar Maliks, there has been a recent growth of interest in early post-Kantian practical philosophy. The proposed network seeks to build upon, and further develop, this interest by bringing together a group of international scholars to explore the nature, significance, and contemporary relevance of early post-Kantian practical philosophy. This collaborative exploration will not only deepen our understanding of early post-Kantian practical philosophy; it will also deepen our understanding of 18th and 19th Century German philosophy and open up new avenues for research in the history of political thought and in legal and political theory. The proposed network will explore the nature and significance of early post-Kantian practical philosophy through a series of four themed workshops, each of which will address one or more of the aforementioned issues. The workshops will also explore the implications of early post-Kantian practical philosophy for contemporary Kant scholarship and for contemporary debates in legal and political theory. The network will be complemented and supported by a series of translations of early post-Kantian practical philosophy. These translations, which will be published over the course of the project, will enable a wider audience to engage critically with the literature that will be explored by the research network.