Divided Pasts - Design Futures

这个多学科项目旨在了解受历史和遗产数据影响的城市设计如何用于解决城市中的环境可持续性、公共卫生和伦理/宗教/阶级隔离等问题。这项研究汇集了一组学术调查人员（历史、建筑、和平与冲突研究）、当地政府官员（规划、环境、博物馆和遗产服务）和社会企业（设计、数字制造），收集了大量数据，这些数据将用于帮助德里/伦敦德里市数百万英镑的公共景观项目的设计。世界心脏联合会的研究（Smith等人，2012年）确定了城市化与心血管疾病之间的密切联系，同时还将城市设计确定为其改善城市公共卫生建议的重要支柱。会议特别概述了基础设施、公园和绿色走廊的参与式发展，将其与公共宣传运动、获得医疗保健和利益攸关方参与一道，作为改善公共卫生战略的重要组成部分。基于城市设计不仅可以改善公共卫生，还可以促进环境可持续性和分裂城市的社区凝聚力的前提，该项目打算建立一个历史和遗产数据库，可用于确保未来的城市设计项目将反映所开发地区的文化和建筑遗产。这样，可以通过在学术研究人员、地方政府官员、社区活动家和居民之间形成伙伴关系，增加社区对这些项目和设施的所有权和使用。德里/伦敦德里市的暴力分裂历史可以追溯到数百年前，城市设计一直是分裂和整合的中心，从17世纪城墙的竖立到2011年连接城市东部联合主义者和西部民族主义者的步行和平桥的建造。该项目结合了历史和历史人类学（口述历史访谈、档案和统计研究）、地理学（GIS制图）、设计（数字制作）和更广泛的社会科学（步行访谈）的方法，以整理与空间和地点有关的数据，以及人们如何在一个分裂的城市中与不断变化的建筑环境进行互动。该研究借鉴了设计人类学这一新兴学科背后的思想，其中民族志的参与导致了更好的产品和服务设计解决方案，该研究试图利用历史、文化/建筑遗产和社会记忆来帮助提供更能反映人们及其经常珍视的个人和环境历史的城市设计解决方案。项目调查人员与德里市和斯特拉班区议会之间的官方合作关系将导致研究数据被用于通知大型景观和城市设计项目，这些项目将在研究项目的整个生命周期内开发，作为北爱尔兰行政部门城市村庄计划的一部分。与神经中心FabLab（一个基于社区的数字制造中心）的类似合作将导致3D城市模型计划的基层生产，这些计划将在塔博物馆展出，并进一步用于通知未来几年在城市开发的项目。该项目还将通过合作撰写的书籍和期刊文章，为发展中的麻烦史学做出贡献，这些书籍和期刊文章涉及德里/伦敦德里市的人们在实施伦敦德里发展计划（1968年）之前和之后如何与他们的建筑和环境环境互动，以及同时发生的暴力事件。

This multidisciplinary project aims to understand how urban design influenced by historical and heritage data can be used to address issues such as environmental sustainability, public health, and ethic/religious/class segregation in cities. The research brings a team of academic investigators (history, architecture, peace and conflict studies) together with local government officials (planning, environment, museums and heritage service) and social enterprise (design, digital fabrication) to collect a wide array of data that will then be used to aid the design of a multi-million pound public landscaping project in the city of Derry/Londonderry.Research by the World Heart Federation (Smith et al, 2012) has established a strong link between urbanisation and cardiovascular disease, while also identifying urban design as an essential pillar in its recommendations for improving public health in cities. In particular, the engaged development of infrastructure, parks and green corridors were outlined as an essential part of a strategy to improve public health along with public information campaigns, access to healthcare, and stakeholder engagement. Working from the premise that urban design can contribute to not only an improvement in public health, but also to environmental sustainability and community cohesion in divided cities, the project intends to build a bank of historical and heritage data that can be used to ensure that future urban design projects will reflect the cultural and architectural heritage of the area under development. In so doing, the community ownership and use of such projects and facilities can be increased through the formation of a partnership between academic researchers, local government officials, community activists, and residents. The city of Derry/Londonderry has a history of violent division stretching back hundreds of years and urban design has been at the centre of attempts to both divide and integrate from the erection of the city walls in the seventeenth century to the construction of the pedestrian Peace Bridge linking the unionist east to the nationalist west of the city in 2011. The project combines methods from history and historical anthropology (oral history interviews, archival and statistical research), geography (GIS mapping), design (digital fabrication), and the wider social sciences (walking interviews) to collate data relating to space and place, and how people have interacted with a changing built environment over time in a divided city with a violent past. Borrowing from the thinking behind the emerging discipline of design anthropology, in which ethnographic engagement leads to better design solutions for products and services, the research attempts to harness history, cultural/architectural heritage and social memory to help provide urban design solutions that are more reflective of people and their often dearly held personal and environmental histories. An official partnership between the project investigators and Derry City and Strabane District Council will result in the research data being used to inform large-scale landscape and urban design projects to be developed during the lifetime of the research project as part of the Northern Ireland Executive's Urban Villages scheme. A similar partnership with the Nerve Centre FabLab (a community based digital fabrication centre) will result in the grassroots production of 3D city model plans that will be exhibited in the Tower Museum and be further used to inform the projects due to be developed in the city in the coming years. The project will also contribute to the developing historiography of the Troubles through the production of a co-authored book and journal articles on the history of how people in the city of Derry/Londonderry interacted with their built and environmental surroundings before and since the implementation of the Londonderry Development Plan (1968) and the onset of violence at the same time.