Masculinity and the Ethics of Porosity in 'Post-AIDS' Gay Porn

该项目对同性恋“猪”的男子气概及其视觉调节进行了理论推导，这是在过去20年里随着管理和预防艾滋病毒感染的抗逆转录病毒疗法的引入而出现的。这是通过与当代同性恋色情作品中“猪”男子气概的表现进行密切的批判性接触来实现的。“猪”是一些男同性恋者使用的一个术语，用来自我定义自己的性行为，他们认为这种行为是越轨的，通过无情的避孕套穿透、伸展直肠括约肌以及交换各种体液(精子、尿液、唾液等)来挑战身体及其完整性的极限。它被用在同性恋网站的名称中，这些网站针对男同性恋者的恋物癖或“极端”性行为(如NastyKinkPigs.com或assPig.com)，并经常被作为猪头或鼻子表情符号，出现在Grindr、Sruff或Recon等同性恋交友应用的用户名或个人资料文本中。自20世纪90年代中期以来，它也是一个术语，与“无背带”一起出现在越来越多的同性恋色情电影中。同性恋“猪”的阳刚之气有趣之处在于，它们似乎是基于对男性身体边界的超越，通过追求无情的穿透和体液交换，模糊了内外、自我和他人的界限。西方男性的霸权形式是通过拒绝包括渗透性在内的所有被认为是“女性”的东西来塑造的，与之不同的是，同性恋“猪”似乎变得更“有男子气概”，它们越被渗透，越容易受到外国体液的影响。1996年推出的高效抗逆转录病毒疗法(HAART)和病毒载量测试使艾滋病毒感染成为一种长期的慢性疾病，并导致男同性恋者的生活、身份和性行为发生根本性变化。HAART不仅使艾滋病毒感染不再发展为艾滋病，而且还使艾滋病毒阳性者不具传染性。最近，HAART作为暴露前预防(PrEP)的有效性得到确认，这也意味着那些艾滋病毒阴性的人和不使用避孕套的性行为可以通过每天服用一片来预防艾滋病毒感染。其结果是，无保护措施的性行为与艾滋病的幽灵脱钩，男同性恋者参与“不支持”--也就是故意不带套的肛交--的数量呈指数级上升，导致这种做法成为主流。与此同时，无背带色情也已经成为增长最快的同性恋色情类型，今天，只有非常少数的制片厂继续使用避孕套。正是在这种背景下，同性恋“猪”的男子气概出现了，并在同性恋网络平台和色情作品中变得可见。这一研究项目将导致第一部专著和纪录片，对“猪”的男性气概及其性伦理进行详细的批判讨论。它建立在色情研究、男子气概研究和死后研究的基础上，将“猪”的男子气概理论化为“漏洞百出的”男子气概，同时重申和困扰西方男子气概的霸权特征，同时挑战身体的极限，向新形式的性社交和社区形成敞开大门。在这样做的过程中，该项目将通过研究当代形式的男同性恋者自我认同，通过欲望、性行为、生化技术和21世纪视觉媒体的复杂相互作用，为现有的性行为、主观性及其视觉表现的批判史做出贡献。

This project theorises gay "pig" masculinities and their visual mediation, which emerged in the last two decades in tandem with the introduction of antiretroviral therapies for the management and prevention of HIV infection. It does so through a close critical engagement with representations of "pig" masculinities in contemporary gay pornography."Pig" is a term used by some gay men to self-define themselves in terms of their own sexual practices, which they regard as transgressive, pushing the limits of the body and of its integrity through relentless condomless penetrations, stretching of the rectal sphincter, and exchanges of all kinds of bodily fluids (sperm, urine, saliva, etc). It is used in the names of hookup websites directed at gay men into fetish or "extreme" sex (e.g. NastyKinkPigs.com or AssPig.com) and often included, as a pig head or snout emoji, on usernames or profile text on gay hookup apps like Grindr, Scruff or Recon. It is also a term that, alongside "bareback," has been appearing in increasing numbers of gay porn titles since the mid 1990s. What is interesting about gay "pig" masculinities are the ways in which they appear to be predicated on a transgression of the boundaries of the male body, a blurring of inside and outside, self and other, through the pursuit of relentless penetrations and exchanges of bodily fluids. Unlike hegemonic forms of Western masculinity, which have been shaped by a rejection of all things considered "feminine," including penetrability, gay "pigs" appear to become more "manly" the more penetrated and open to foreign bodily fluids they are. The introduction of Highly-Active Antiretroviral Therapies (HAART) and viral load testing in 1996 made HIV infection a long-term chronic condition and led to a radical transformation in the lives, identities and sexual practices of gay men. Not only did HAART make HIV infection no longer progress to AIDS but it also makes HIV-positive individuals uninfectious. More recently, the confirmation of HAART's efficiency as Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) also means that those who are HIV-negative and having sex without condoms can prevent HIV infection by taking one pill a day. As a consequence, unprotected sex has been uncoupled from the spectre of AIDS and the number of gay men engaging in "barebacking"-that is, in intentional condomless anal sex-has risen exponentially, leading the practice to become mainstream. At the same time, bareback porn has also become the fastest growing genre of gay porn and, today, only a very small minority of studios continue to make visible use of condoms. It is in that context that gay "pig" masculinities have emerged and become visible in gay online platforms and pornography. This research project will lead to the first monograph and documentary feature film critically discussing "pig" masculinities and their sexual ethics at length. It builds on porn studies, masculinities studies and the posthumanities to theorise "pig" masculinities as "porous" masculinities that simultaneously reiterate and trouble hegemonic traits of Western masculinity, while pushing the limits of the body and opening themselves to new forms of sexual sociability and community formations. In so doing, the project will contribute to existing critical histories of sexuality, subjectivities, and their visual representations by examining a contemporary form of gay male self-identification, one that is emerging in "post-AIDS" contexts through a complex interplay of desire, sexual performance, biochemical technologies, and 21st-century visual media.