Music, Migration and Mobility: The Legacy of Migrant Musicians from Nazi-Europe in Britain

音乐一直是高度流动的，音乐家们几个世纪以来一直在跨越文化和物质边界，这既是自愿的，也是由于他们祖国不友好的意识形态、经济和环境力量的结果。该项目调查移民与其收养的东道国社会之间发展的关系，以及这些关系如何体现在他们自己的创造力中，每一种关系都对评估移民的文化影响至关重要。然而，我们对流动和迁徙在塑造整个音乐文化中所起的作用的理解仍然有限。这个项目为研究20世纪30年代和40年代来自纳粹统治的欧洲的音乐家的经历、音乐生活和随后对英国音乐文化的影响带来了新的方法论方法。他们中的许多人在接下来的几十年里为艺术音乐的成功复兴做出了重大贡献。该项目将调查和绘制大约30名音乐家的旅程和职业生涯，他们在战后作为有影响力的教师、作曲家和表演者以及在歌剧院、BBC和高等教育等主要机构谈判和帮助形成了英国音乐生活的方方面面。它将探索音乐技能、传统和价值观是如何传递和交换的，以及这些互动如何影响移民本身、当地音乐家和整个公共音乐生活。该项目还通过一个试验性公开排练讲习班方案探讨了表演和调解他们的作品的实际挑战--这些作品是由多种跨国文化影响和传统决定的。职业音乐家和学生音乐家将探索由于各种原因而被隐藏的移民音乐家的精选作品，并将公开测试其在表演中呈现的当代相关方法。通过以实践为基础的研究，我们的目标是为传统音乐分析带来一个新的维度，为对其更广泛的历史背景感兴趣的当代观众突出这种音乐的文化价值。该项目包括对英国、德国和奥地利与这段历史有关的十几个主要档案馆的系统研究计划，特别是两个关键机构--格伦德伯恩歌剧院和伦敦的盎格鲁-奥地利音乐协会，这两个机构都以不同的方式对这群移民对战后英国音乐的影响至关重要。档案和历史研究与图像、口述历史访谈和录制的表演相结合，将构成创建一系列在线“故事地图”的基础，这些地图使用地理可视化软件来呈现结合文本、图像、视频和音频的多视角叙事，以及指向大量相关附加资源的动态链接。从项目开始，我们的目标是促进学者和艺术家之间的对话，在当今流动和移民的背景下工作。该项目团队将对音乐文化、流动性和迁徙之间的关系进行理论上的理解，这将有助于未来的研究。由奥地利文化论坛共同主办的一次研讨会将阐述跨学科辩论的范围和方向；由国际和平协会、共同-IS和RAS共同主办的一系列学术期刊文章将提出具体的主题；由德国历史研究所共同主办的一次国际会议将把辩论扩大到音乐、移民和流动性的其他例子。三个伙伴机构的公开展览将补充该项目的网站，该网站将把C.30故事地图、机构案例研究、讲习班视频、表演和口述历史访谈、文字评论和免费下载的音乐版本整合成丰富的资源，供学生、音乐家、教育工作者和学者使用，他们希望找到新的方法来了解我们的文化，其特点是迁徙和流动。

Music has always been highly mobile and musicians have been crossing cultural and physical borders for centuries, both voluntarily and as a result of inhospitable ideological, economic and environmental forces in their homelands. This project investigates the relationships that develop between migrants and their adopted host society, and how they manifest in their own creativity, each crucial to evaluating the cultural impact of migration. However, our understanding of the role of mobility and migration in shaping musical culture as a whole is as yet limited. This project brings fresh methodological approaches to the study of the experiences, musical lives and subsequent impact on British musical culture of musicians who came from Nazi-ruled Europe in the 1930s and '40s. Many of them went on to make major contributions to the successful reinvigoration of art music in the ensuing decades. The project will investigate and map the journeys and careers of approximately 30 musicians as they negotiated and helped to form aspects of British musical life in the post-war period as influential teachers, composers and performers, and in major institutions such as opera houses, the BBC, and higher education. It will explore how musical skills, traditions and values were transported and exchanged, and how these interactions affected the migrants themselves, local musicians, and public musical life at large. The project also probes the practical challenges of performing and mediating their compositions-which are defined by multiple trans-national cultural influences and traditions-through a programme of experimental open rehearsal workshops. Selected works by migrant musicians that for various reasons have remained hidden will be explored by professional and student musicians, and contemporarily relevant approaches to their presentation in performance will be tested in public. Through practice-based research, we aim to bring a fresh dimension to conventional musical analysis, highlighting the cultural value of this music for contemporary audiences interested in its broader historical context. The project includes a structured programme of research in a dozen major archives in the UK, Germany and Austria pertaining to this history, and in particular two key institutions, Glyndebourne Festival Opera and the Anglo-Austrian Music Society in London, both critical in different ways to the impact of this group of migrants on the shaping of post-war British music. Archival and historical research combined with images, oral history interviews and recorded performances will form the basis for the creation of a series of on-line 'story maps' that use geo-visualisation software to present multi-perspective narratives combining text, images, video and audio, and dynamic links to a host of relevant additional resources. From the start of the project we aim to facilitate dialogues between scholars and artists working within the context of mobility and migration today. The project team will develop a theoretical understanding of the relationship between musical cultures, mobility and migration that can benefit future research. A symposium co-hosted by the Austrian Cultural Forum will set out the scope and direction of a cross-disciplinary debate; a series of scholarly journal articles by the PI, Co-Is and RAs will develop specific themes; and an international conference co-hosted by the German Historical Institute will extend debate to other examples of music, migration and mobility. Public exhibitions at three partner institutions will complement the project's website, which will integrate the c.30 story maps, institutional case-studies, videos of workshops, performances and oral history interviews, textual commentary, and free-to-download music editions into a rich resource for the benefit of school students, musicians, educators and scholars who wish to find new approaches to our culture, characterised as it is by migration and mobility.