Harnessing digital technologies to transform understanding of ogham writing, from the 4th century to the 21st. Short title: OG(H)AM

该项目的目标是利用来自不同领域的数字工具来改变学术界和大众对奥格姆文字的理解——一种爱尔兰和英国独有的古老文字。在更普遍的层面上，它提供了一种潜在的合作方式模式，以确保多学科人文研究的长期可持续性、持续发展和多种数字资源的互操作性。它通过将现有数字资源与利用后续技术和智力进步创建的新数据相结合，解决了在单个资助项目结束后为现有数字资源提供持续和更新生命的挑战。通过协同工作、资源共享和技能交流，该项目将加强英国、爱尔兰和曼等6个国家的学术界、博物馆、图书馆和国家遗产机构之间的伙伴关系。它还将促进欧洲范围内的数字金石学合作，并将奥格姆置于全球金石学研究的前沿。奥格姆在世界文字系统中是非常不寻常的。它完全没有象似性：就像条形码一样，它完全由一系列直线组成。它可以垂直阅读，并在实体的边缘以三维形式书写（使用由1-5条短平行线组成的字母，它们的值取决于它们相对于基线的位置）。它的全盛时期是公元1千年，但对它的了解从未消失。对于历史语言学家来说，用这种巧妙的文字书写的文本具有国际意义，因为它是盖尔语的最早证据。我们将以数字方式记录从公元4世纪开始到1850年现代复兴开始的所有媒体上的大约640例奥格姆文字。我们将在“3D奥格姆”网站（2012- 2015年，2016-17年）的成功基础上再创辉煌，该网站由我们的合作伙伴组织，都柏林高等研究所，探索计划和国家古迹管理局创建，涵盖了现存奥格姆遗址的25%，并提供详细的支持信息，照片和3D模型。我们将升级其数据和元数据，增强其可搜索性，并通过包括来自整个爱尔兰岛（即包括北爱尔兰）和爱尔兰以外的Oghams，大大扩展其主题，时间和地理范围。后者——来自苏格兰、威尔士、曼、英格兰和大陆的图书馆——几乎占现存图书馆总数的三分之一。我们还将超越石碑，包括便携式物品、涂鸦和手稿。在4个国家的国家遗产机构的支持下，我们将在国家博物馆（大英博物馆、苏格兰、爱尔兰、北爱尔兰、威尔士国家博物馆和马恩岛博物馆）的藏品中以3D形式记录所有奥格姆。在所有六个国家进行额外的联合实地工作将使我们能够将近80%的语料库中可用的3D模型数量增加两倍以上。将这些分散的证据结合起来将改变奥格姆的研究，并将当地社区与他们的遗产联系起来。我们将与探索计划合作，评估不同3D记录和可视化方法的有效性，并使用迄今仅用于文档的分析技术。我们将完善数字凹槽分析的新方法（以识别单个雕刻者的工作并建立不同雕刻的同时代性）和磨损细节的数字重建。我们将根据新的文献，使用模拟和新的数字技术，包括计算语料库语言学进行分析。奥格姆经久不衰的社会价值体现在其日益流行的装饰、象征和创意功能上。该项目将支持奥格姆在当代文化中的使用，通过回应对书写准确和真实的奥格姆的权威指导的需求，并通过激发新的和创新的应用和艺术反应。

The project's objective is to harness digital tools from different fields to transform scholarly and popular understanding of Ogham - an ancient script unique to Ireland and Britain. At a more general level, it provides a potential model of collaborative ways of working to ensure the long-term sustainability, continued development, and inter-operability of diverse digital resources for multi-disciplinary humanities research. It addresses the challenge of giving continued and renewed life to existing digital resources beyond the end of individual funded projects by integrating them with new data created using subsequent technological and intellectual advances. Through collaborative working, resource-sharing and skills-exchange the project will strengthen partnerships between academia, museums, libraries, and state heritage agencies across all 6 nations in the UK, Ireland and Man. It will also contribute to Europe-wide collaboration in digital epigraphy and place Ogham in the vanguard of global epigraphical studies.Ogham is highly unusual among world writing systems. It entirely lacks iconicity: like a barcode, it consists solely of a succession of straight lines. It is read vertically and is written in 3 dimensions across the edge of a solid object (using letters which consist of bundles of 1-5 short parallel lines, their value depending on their position relative to a baseline). Its heyday was the 1st Millenium CE, but knowledge of it never died out. Texts written in this ingenious script are of international significance to historical linguists as the earliest evidence for the Gaelic languages. We will digitally document all c.640 examples of Ogham writing in all media, from its origin in the fourth century CE until the dawn of the modern revival c.1850. We will build on the success of the 'Ogham in 3D' website (2012-15, 2016-17), created by our partner organisations, the Dublin Institute of Advanced Studies, the Discovery Programme, and the National Monuments Service which covers c.25% of surviving ogham and provides detailed supporting information, photographs, & 3D models. We will upgrade its data and metadata, enhance its searchability, and greatly expand its thematic, chronological & geographical scope by including Oghams from the whole island of Ireland (i.e. including Northern Ireland) and from outside Ireland. The latter - from Scotland, Wales, Man, England, and Continental libraries - comprise almost a third of the total surviving. We will also move beyond stone monuments to include portable objects, graffiti, and manuscripts. We will document in 3D all Ogham in the collections of the national museums (the British Museum; the National Museums of Scotland, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Wales; and the Manx Museum), with the support of state heritage agencies in 4 countries. Additional joint fieldwork in all six nations will allow us to more than treble the number of 3D models available to nearly 80% of the corpus. Uniting this scattered evidence will transform Ogham studies, and connect local communities with their heritage. We will work with the Discovery Programme to evaluate the effectiveness of different methods of 3D recording and visualization, and use for analysis techniques hitherto used only for documentation. We will refine new methods of digital groove analysis (to identify the work of individual carvers and establish the contemporaneity of different carvings) and digital reconstruction of worn detail. We will conduct analysis based on the new documentation, using analogue and new digital techniques, including computational corpus linguistics.The enduring social value of Ogham is reflected in its increasing popularity for decorative, symbolic, and creative functions. The project will support this use of Ogham in contemporary culture by responding to the need for authoritative guidance on writing accurate and authentic Ogham, and by inspiring new & innovative applications and artistic responses.