Pavlov and the kingdom of dogs: Storying experimental animal histories through arts-based research

伊万·巴甫洛夫（1849-1936），俄国生理学家，后来成为心理学家，他用狗做的刺激反应实验，使心理学及其作为一门科学的地位发生了革命性的变化，至今仍为人们所铭记。在大众和学术界对巴甫洛夫成就的描述中，他的狗大多是匿名的实验对象。实际上，成千上万的人经过他的圣彼得堡实验室大楼--一位参观者称之为“狗的王国”。在这个项目中，巴甫洛夫的方法，温顺的动物，以及普遍规律的科学发现都受到了挑战，主要是通过由学者，艺术家和设计师合作创作的艺术品。我们生活在一个全球化的世界里，我们与其他物种不稳定的相互依赖日益明显。可以说，从来没有像现在这样需要发展基于对其他生命形式的认识和尊重的情感和世界观，我们与其他动物的关系将有助于为我们所有人，包括人类和非人类，定义一个宜居的共同未来。这就是为什么参与该项目的人认为创造性地解决我们如何感知，代表和与我们所关心的动物相关至关重要，通过心理实验室的特定设置赋予生命，但与社会中人类与动物接触的无数点有关。重点是制作两件艺术品-一件图画小说和一件立体模型（微型三维比例模型）多媒体装置。选择后者是因为它有可能改变观众对实验的理解，创造一个迷人的，有趣的，令人不安的和有教育意义的微型世界，充满了多种互动元素-狗，人类，实验室设备，手术附件，实验对象和程序-在多个重建场景中。它还将包括移动部件，墙上安装的特写镜头，放大关键时刻，拍摄的立体模型慢动作漫步，地图，文本和音频指南，所有这些都包括在内，以补充和增强观众的视觉参与，并提供进一步的背景。选择图画小说是因为它独特的图像和文本的结合：插图可以独特地描绘动物情感、思维和经验的直接性，传达个性，这是有效讲故事的关键要素，并通过文本的部署-声音、语音、思想和阐述来加强。图画小说也被选为一种格式，因为它对广泛的读者群具有潜在的吸引力，包括非学者，年轻人和不情愿的读者。这两件艺术品的独立数字版本将以在线展览和电子书的形式创建，以增加观众数量和参与度。艺术品和合作过程将由PI的奖学金检查巴甫洛夫的工作方法，同期新闻报道;传记，历史和在线旅游和博物馆网站，向巴甫洛夫和他的方法致敬。PI将专注于狗的经验，他们的互动，护理和关键事件中的作用在巴甫洛夫，城市，科学和更广泛的社会生活的动荡时期。在奖学金期间，从基于桌面的奖学金和基于艺术的合作研究中获得的知识将用于制作期刊文章，会议论文，研讨会和由PI领导的新研究小组，旨在进一步推动动物研究的跨学科研究。该项目将吸引不同的观众重新评估巴甫洛夫的狗的作用，引发讨论和辩论，承认动物作为研究的参与者;并有助于对跨学科的非人类动物研究进行彻底的反思。更广泛地说，该项目将挑战我们日益危险的倾向，忘记我们的做法对其他动物的影响，以及我们的生活，健康和福祉从根本上联系在一起。

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936), the Russian physiologist turned psychologist, is remembered today for his stimulus-response experiments with dogs, which revolutionised psychology and its status as a science. In popular and academic accounts of Pavlov's achievements, his dogs mostly appear as anonymous experimental objects. In reality thousands passed through his St Petersburg laboratory complex - referred to by one visitor as 'the kingdom of dogs'. In this project largely accepted accounts of Pavlov's methods, of docile animals, and of the scientific discovery of universal laws are all challenged, primarily through artworks created by a collaboration of academics, artists and designers. We live in a globalised world where our precarious interdependence with other species is increasingly evident. There has arguably never been a greater need to develop sensibilities and worldviews predicated on awareness and respect for other forms of life, whereby our relations towards other animals will help define a liveable shared future for us all, human and nonhuman alike. This is why those involved in the project consider it vital to creatively address how we perceive, represent, and relate to the animals in our care, brought to life through the specific setting of the psychological laboratory, but relevant to the countless points of human-animal encounter in societies more generally. The focus is the production of two artefacts - a graphic novel and a diorama-based (miniature three-dimensional scale models) multi-media installation. The latter is chosen for its potential to transform audience understandings of the experiments creating a fascinating, entertaining, unsettling and instructive world in miniature, brimming with multiple interacting elements - dogs, humans, lab equipment, surgical appendages, experimental objects and procedures - in multiple recreated scenes. It will also incorporate moving parts, wall mounted close-up photography zooming in on key moments, a filmed slow-motion walk through of the diorama, a map, text and audio guide, all included to supplement and enhance the audience's visual engagement and provide further context. A graphic novel is chosen for its unique combination of image and text: illustration can uniquely depict the immediacy of animal emotion, thinking and experience, conveying individual character, a key element of effective storytelling, reinforced by the deployment of text - sound, speech, thought, and exposition. The graphic novel is also chosen as a format because of its potential appeal to a wide readership including non-academics, younger people and reluctant readers. Stand-alone digital versions of both artefacts will be created, in the form of an online exhibition and an e-book, to increase audience numbers and engagement. The artworks and the collaborative process will be informed by the PI's scholarship examining Pavlov's working methods, contemporaneous news coverage; biographies, history and online tourist and museum sites that pay homage to Pavlov and his methods. The PI will focus on the experiences of the dogs, their interactions, care and role in key events during a tumultuous period in the life of Pavlov, the city, science and wider society. Knowledge derived from desk-based scholarship and collaborative arts-based research during the Fellowship will be used to produce journal articles, conference papers, a symposium and a new research group led by the PI designed to further interdisciplinary research in animal studies. The project will engage different audiences in a reappraisal of the role of Pavlov's dogs, provoke discussion and debate acknowledging animals as participants in research; and contribute to a radical rethink of nonhuman animal-based research across the disciplines. More broadly the project will challenge to our increasingly perilous tendency to forget the impact of our practices on other animals, and that our lives, health and wellbeing are fundamentally connected.