PROTECTIVE AND RISK FACTORS FOR ADOLESCENT ALCOHOL ABUSE

家庭预防策略是基于这样一个前提：改善 家庭环境和父母教养技巧会降低青少年的 有酗酒和其他物质滥用的风险。同样，父母 社会化理论假设支持和控制至关重要 发展无问题行为的要素。然而，有一个 缺乏确定哪些家庭因素最多的实证研究 有效地防止酗酒。此外，也没有 评估酒精使用模式发展的纵向研究 具有代表性的黑人和白人青少年样本确定 家庭和同伴社会化的影响，同时考虑到 关键的人口因素，如社会阶层、家庭结构、 性别和邻里犯罪。社会支持的其他来源 这些已经被认为在黑人家庭中很重要，比如Extended 家庭支持和教会网络，还没有评估他们的 对黑人青少年发展的相对影响。在拟议的研究中， 家庭和同伴程序将被确定为风险或保护性程序 黑人和白人中酒精滥用的发展因素 青少年。一个预防咨询小组将指导制定 本研究的措施和预防策略。预防手册 将结合这项研究的关键预防发现进行开发 来自其他资助的预防项目的信息。这项研究 将利用和推广一项针对青少年的三波纵向研究 和他们的家庭在总体人口样本中，黑人家庭 都是过抽样的。数据来自211名黑人青少年和 他们的家庭，包括母亲、父亲和十几岁的兄弟姐妹( 家庭受访者)，以及400多名白人的可比数据 家人。有人提议，青少年及其家庭应 随访了另外三个波，从而评估了家庭和同龄人 青春期早期对饮酒模式发展的影响 到成年早期。鉴于同伴在青春期的重要性，它 还建议由目标青少年识别的同龄人 独立采访。这项纵向研究，与一个 代表性样本和多个受访者(青少年、兄弟姐妹、 父母和同龄人)，将作为一个唯一和丰富的数据源 评估家庭和同伴因素在青少年中的相对影响 预防酒精和相关物质滥用的黑白照片 青少年。

Family prevention strategies are based on the premise that improvements in family environment and parenting skills will reduce the adolescent's risk of alcohol and other substance abuse. Similarly, parental socialization theory postulates that support and control are critical elements in the development of nonproblem behavior. However, there is a lack of empirical research defining which family factors are most effective in preventing alcohol abuse. Moreover, there are no longitudinal studies assessing the development of alcohol use patterns in representative samples of black and white adolescents to determine the effects of family and peer socialization while taking into account critical demographic factors, such as social class, family structure, gender, and neighborhood crime. Additional sources of social support which have been noted as important in black families, such as extended family support and church networks, have not been assessed for their relative impact on black adolescent development. In the proposed study, family and peer processes will be identified as risk or protective factors for the development of alcohol abuse among black and white adolescents. A prevention advisory group will guide the development of measures and prevention strategies for this study. A prevention manual will be developed integrating key prevention findings from this research with information from other funded prevention programs. This research will utilize and extend a three-wave longitudinal study of adolescents and their families in a general population sample in which black families were oversampled. Data are available from 211 black adolescents and their families, including mothers, fathers, and adolescent siblings (535 family respondents), as well as comparable data for over 400 white families. It is proposed that adolescents and their families be followed up for three additional waves, thereby assessing family and peer influences on the development of drinking patterns from early adolescence to early adulthood. Given the importance of peers during adolescence, it is also proposed that a peer, identified by the target adolescent, be independently interviewed. This longitudinal study, with a representative sample and multiple respondents (adolescents, siblings, parents, and peers), will serve as a unique and rich data source for assessing the relative influences of family and peer factors in the prevention of alcohol and related substance abuse in black and white adolescents.