MSc in Toxicology

该计划包括6个教学模块（120学分）和研究论文（60学分），如程序规范中所述。教学模块发生在10月和5月之间，如下：1：异生物质的代谢和排泄：20学分文献检索，计算机数据库，沟通技巧。ADME;代谢途径，I相和II相反应;多态性;年龄、性别、基因型的影响。研究药物代谢的方法，包括分子生物学技术在药物代谢和毒理遗传学中的应用。代谢和分布作为外源性物质毒性的基础。毒品运输者。2：毒理学的药理学和临床方面：20学分药代动力学，药效学，药物遗传学的原理和应用。安全药理学。药物不良反应;药物开发。法医毒物学;毒品和毒素的检测，尸体检验。临床毒理学;诊断、并发症、中毒处理。3：毒性和致癌的分子和细胞机制：20学分毒性的分子机制;坏死和凋亡。分子和细胞生物学在毒理学中的应用; cDNA阵列、应激反应、报告基因分析。毒理基因组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学、生物信息学。受体介导的毒性。致癌机制;遗传毒性与非遗传毒性。体外试验。免疫毒性。纳米颗粒毒理学。计算机辅助构效关系。4：实践中的毒理学;工业和环境中的安全评估。急性和慢性炎症、变性、坏死、瘤形成、萎缩和肥大的病理学。组织学、血液学。呼吸毒性、肝毒性、神经毒性、肾毒性、生殖毒性。在毒理学中使用动物。安全和风险评估。统计职业、环境和生态毒理学：环境污染物;陆地、空气和水污染;监测、全球影响。食品中的杀虫剂生态毒理学;从分子到生态系统的生物效应和生物标志物，实例和案例研究，包括内分泌干扰物和多氯联苯。职业毒理学、流行病学、风险评估。HSE、FSA等监管机构的作用。REACH 5的影响：技能10学分提高沟通，IT，数据处理和团队合作技能，并嵌入整个程序。练习文献检索/信息检索，以书面、口头和海报形式交流结果。实验设计，统计学，计算技术，包括生物信息学和DEREK。风险评估活动。6; Synoptic. 20学分巩固和整合：时间为导向，以学生为中心的学习。翻修。研究项目：60学分3个月全职;在适当的研究环境中进行。所有模块都是强制性的。此外，学生可以选择在复活节假期期间完成内政部培训课程的模块1，2和3。教学部分是通过正式讲座，辅导，研讨会，计算机练习，实践课和演示相结合，并通过定向阅读和课程工作的支持。课程规格详细说明了学习和教学方法以及评估方法，沿着了学生应获得的知识、理解、技能和属性。研究项目在5月至8月的12周内进行，通常在英国和海外的工业，研究机构，环境机构，医院和大学进行。该项目代表了课程的主要实践元素，在此期间，学生有机会计划他们的工作，分析和解释数据。有些学生选择的研究项目是文献或计算机为基础，但都给毒理学目前的问题的经验。

The programme consists of 6 taught modules (120 credits) and a research dissertation (60 credits) as outline in the progamme specification. TAUGHT MODULES take place between October and May and are as follows: 1: Metabolism and excretion of xenobiotics: 20 credits Literature retrieval, computer data bases, communication skills. ADME; metabolic pathways, phase I and II reactions; polymorphisms; effect of age sex, genotype. Methods used to study drug metabolism including application of molecular biology techniques to drug metabolism and toxicogenetics. Metabolism and distribution as a basis for toxicity of xenobiotics. Drug transporters. 2: Pharmacological and clinical aspects of toxicology: 20 credits Principles and applications pf pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenetics. Safety pharmacology. Adverse reactions to drugs; drug development. Forensic toxicology; detection of drugs and toxins, post mortem investigations. Clinical toxicology; diagnosis, complications, management of poisonings. 3: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of toxicity and carcinogenesis: 20 credits Molecular mechanisms of toxicity; necrosis and apoptosis. Application of molecular and cell biology to toxicology; cDNA arrays, stress responses, reporter gene assays. Toxicogenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, bioinformatics. Receptor mediated toxicity. Mechanisms of carcinogenesis; genotoxic vs nongenotoxic. In vitro testing. Immunotoxicity. Nanoparticle toxicology. Computer assisted structure activity relationships. 4: Toxicology in Practice; safety assessment in industry and the environment. 30 credits Pathology of acute and chronic inflammation, degeneration, necrosis, neoplasia, atrophy and hypertrophy. Histology, Haematology. Respiratory toxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, reprotoxicity. Use of animals in toxicology. Safety and risk assessment. Statistics. Occupational, environmental and ecotoxicology: Environmental pollutants; land air and water contamination; monitoring, global effects. Pesticides in food. Ecotoxicology; biological effects and biomarkers from molecules to eco systems, examples and case studies including endocrine disruptors and PCBs. Occupational toxicology, epidemiology, risk assessment. Role of regulators such as HSE, FSA. Impact of REACH 5: Skills 10 credits Improves communication, IT, data handling and team working skills and is embedded throughout the programme. Exercises in literature searching/information retrieval, communication of findings in written, oral and poster formats. Experimental design, statistics, computational techniques including bioinformatics and DEREK. Risk assessment exercises. 6; Synoptic. 20 credits Consolidation and integration: time for directed, student-centred learning. Revision. RESEARCH PROJECT: 60 credits 3 months full time; carried out in an appropriate research environment. All modules are compulsory. In addition students are offered the option of completing Modules 1, 2 and 3 of the Home Office training course during the Easter vacation. The taught component is delivered by a combination of formal lectures, tutorials, workshops, computer exercises, practical classes and demonstrations and is supported by directed reading and course work. The programme specification gives details of learning and teaching methods and assessment methods along with knowledge, understanding, skills and attributes the students are expected to attain. Research projects are carried out over a 12 week period in May - August and are typically based in industry, research institutes, environmental agencies, hospitals and universities, in the UK and overseas. The project represents the major practical element of the course during which students have the opportunity to plan their work and analyse and interpret data. Some students opt for research projects that are literature or computer based but all give experience of current problems in toxicology.