BODY COMPOSITION CHANGES IN THE ELDERLY

身体成分的显著变化与重要的健康相关 据信，这种影响发生在老年人身上。了解这些变化 对诊断、预后和治疗尤其重要。 健康问题。老年人的许多健康问题是可以预防或 通过营养调节缓解，但更好地理解 身体成分变化的性质、范围和潜在生理学是 这类干预措施要想取得成功，就必须采取必要的措施。目前几乎没有 老年人的身体成分数据，特别是那些 年龄超过75岁，部分原因是传统的身体评估方法 由于技术和概念上的原因，作文很难应用。 因此，人们对身体的关系知之甚少。 营养、功能或健康状态的非 住院的、自由生活的老年人。从青少年的学习中学到的知识 而中年人口不应该被认为适用于老年人， 由于一生的积累，他们作为一个群体更具异质性 生物和历史经验。纵向研究包括 一系列广泛的营养、生理和行为措施 是确定身体成分变化的复杂作用所必需的 老化的过程。对身体“自然历史”的认识 成分变化及其与其他营养和营养成分的关系 健康因素可能导致对预防和治疗的新见解， 减少老年人的发病率，提高老年人的生活质量 人。 拟议研究的主要目标是确定：(A)机构 老年人的构成随年龄变化；(B)变化率 随年龄增长而加速；(C)老年人身体状况的差异 成分与合成代谢激素水平、血液 血压和脂类/脂蛋白胆固醇；和(D)身体成分 预测会坠落。整体和区域机构的年度、连续测定 将由大约500名自由生活的老年男性和 目前参与一项正在进行的纵向研究的女性， 新墨西哥州老龄化过程研究，历时5年。这群人是 之所以被选中，是因为广泛的营养和健康信息 在过去十年中为这些人收集的数据，并将继续 在研究期间收集的数据。这将使拟议的研究 性价比极高。将有可能进行复杂的 回顾，以及横断面和前瞻性分析 与身体成分相关的因素。人体分析的新技术 生理上真实的多室模型中的组成将是 应用了最大限度地提高精确度和精确度，并允许估计 尚未研究的身体成分的多种成分 之前。 这是一项经修订的建议，曾於一九九二年十月检讨过。

Significant changes in body composition that have important health related effects are believed to occur in the elderly. Knowledge of these changes is particularly important for diagnoses, prognoses, and treatment of health problems. Many health problems in the elderly could be prevented or alleviated by nutritional modulation, but better understanding of the nature, extent, and underlying physiology of body compositional changes is needed for such interventions to be successful. There are currently few data for body composition in the elderly, especially for those greater than 75 y in age, partly because conventional methods of assessing body composition are difficult to apply for technical and conceptual reasons. As a result, little is known regarding the relationships of body composition to nutritional, functional or health status in non- hospitalized, free-living elderly persons. Knowledge from studies of young and middle-aged populations should not be assumed to apply to the elderly, who are more heterogeneous as a group due to a life-time of accumulated biological and historical experiences. Longitudinal studies that include an extensive array of nutritional, physiological, and behavioral measures are needed to determine the complex role of body compositional changes in the aging process. Knowledge of the "natural history" of body compositional changes and their relationships to other nutritional and health factors could lead to new insights on prevention and treatment, the reduction of morbidity and extension of the quality of life of older persons. The primary goals of the proposed study are to determine whether: (a) body composition changes with age in elderly persons; (b)rates of change accelerate with age; (c) variation among elderly individuals in body composition is associated with levels of anabolic hormones, blood pressures, and lipid/lipoprotein cholesterols; and, (d) body composition predicts falls. Annual, serial determinations of whole and regional body composition will be made in approximately 500 free-living, elderly men and women who are presently participants in an on-going longitudinal study, the New Mexico Aging Process Study, over a 5 y period. This cohort was selected because extensive nutritional and health information has been collected over the past decade for these individuals and will continue to be collected over the study period. This will make the proposed study highly cost-efficient. It will be possible to conduct complex retrospective, as well as cross-sectional and prospective analyses of factors associated with body composition. New techniques of analyzing body composition in physiologically realistic multicompartmental models will be applied that maximize accuracy and precision, and that allow estimation of multiple components of body composition that have not been studied previously. This is a revised proposal, previously reviewed in October 1992.