MRes Integrative Biology

为期一年的综合生物学研究硕士课程是一条创新的途径，可以开始需要体内技能的研究生涯。参加MRes的学生有独特的机会在曼彻斯特大学（UoM）和利物浦大学（UoL）的广泛学科和实验室环境中体验研究项目。这两所大学的课程略有不同，但都包括以实验室为基础的研究项目，内政部许可证，辅导模块，研究研讨会，个人和可转移技能培训。目前，在英国的体内科学培训是非常有限的-由于，至少部分，能够提供体内生理学和药理学培训的大学部门数量有限。这已经得到了广泛的机构，包括BBSRC，其他研究委员会，HEFCE，制药行业和专业协会的认可。至关重要的是，通过发展新的学术举措来扭转具有体内技能的科学家的短缺，这符合BBSRC，NHS，行业和政府的未来战略。UoM和UoL通过建立综合哺乳动物生物学中心（cIMB）解决了这个问题。cIMB是在IMB能力建设的主要奖项（BBSRC/MRC/ABPI/BPS/HEFCE/SFC）之后成立的：英国四个奖项之一。cIMB与MRC药物安全科学中心（CDSS）密切合作，这是两所大学的另一项举措。CDSS的目的是提高将基础研究转化为新的，安全的和有效的治疗药物的速度和效率。我们的MRes是cIMB教育计划的一个组成部分，包括本科和研究生研究学位，与学校和公众的联系，以及持续的专业发展。MRes的目的是培养具有必要知识和体内技能的科学家，以开展尖端的基础和转化医学研究。我们的学生获得细胞和系统生理学的全面理论基础，可用于体内研究的技术的工作知识以及规划和执行研究项目的经验。因此，我们的毕业生能够从规划研究的第一原则工作，并有信心从经验中获得进入学术界或工业界的独立研究。我们的课程的基本特点是：1）卓越的实验设计，2）与人类直接相关的动物模型的开发和最佳饲养，3）培训和应用广泛的分析技术。MRes也是cIMB和CDSS研究能力的组成部分。目前有86名主要调查员是一个或两个中心的成员。每个主要研究者都是研究活跃的工作人员，他们在工作中一定程度上使用体内科学。我们正在进一步提高能力，积极鼓励这些科学家与目前由于缺乏必要的技能或许可证而无法使用综合方法的其他科学家开展合作。例如，目前cIMB共有33名博士生，他们严重依赖体内科学（这不包括简单地使用转基因模型或收集组织进行体外分析）。所有这些博士学位都涉及共同监督，通常是跨院系的。作为竞争性审查过程的一部分，潜在的主管提供一个或多个MRes项目的大纲，否则他们的博士研究生申请将不会被考虑。因此，我们可以保证为我们的MRes学生提供各种创新，尖端的项目（参见支持案例中的示例）。事实上，我们的许多MRes毕业生继续做博士学位作为“1+3”或独立学位的一部分。

The one-year Masters of Research in Integrative Biology is an innovative route to starting out a research career that requires in vivo skills. Students taking the MRes are provided with a unique opportunity to experience research projects over a broad range of disciplines and laboratory environments within The Universities of Manchester (UoM) and Liverpool (UoL). The two Universities run slightly different programmes, though both are comprised of laboratory-based research projects, Home Office licencing, a tutorial module, research seminars, training in personal and transferable skills. At present, training for in vivo science in the UK is very limited - due, at least in part, to the limited number of University Departments able to provide training in in vivo physiology and pharmacology. This has been recognised by a wide range of bodies including the BBSRC, other Research Councils, HEFCE, the pharmaceutical industry and professional societies. It is essential that the shortage of scientists with in vivo skills is reversed by the development of new academic initiatives, which fit with the future strategies of the BBSRC, the NHS, Industry and Government. UoM and UoL have addressed the problem by establishing the Centre for Integrative Mammalian Biology (cIMB). The cIMB was set up following a major award (BBSRC/MRC/ABPI/BPS/HEFCE/SFC) for Capacity Building in IMB: one of four awards in the UK. The cIMB works closely with MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science (CDSS), another initiative across the two Universities. The aim of the CDSS is to improve the speed and efficiency of translating basic research into new, safe and effective therapeutic agents. Our MRes is an integral part of the cIMB education programme which includes undergraduate and postgraduate research degrees, outreach to schools and the public, as well as continuing professional development. The aim of the MRes is to develop scientists with the necessary knowledge and in vivo skills to carry out cutting-edge basic and translational medical research. Our students obtain a thorough theoretical foundation in cell and systems physiology, a working knowledge of the techniques available for in vivo research and experience of planning and executing research projects. Our graduates are thus able to work from first principles in planning a study, and have the confidence borne from experience to move into independent research in academia or industry. The essential features of our programmes are 1) excellence in experimental design, 2) the development and best husbandry of animal models directly relevant to man and 3) training in and application of a very wide range of analytical technologies. The MRes also is an integral part of research capacity within the cIMB and CDSS. There are currently 86 principal investigators who are members of one or both Centres. Each principal investigator is a research active member of staff who uses in vivo sciences to some extent in their work. We are further increasing capacity by actively encouraging collaborations between these scientists and others who currently cannot use an integrated approach due to the lack of the necessary skills or licencing. For example, currently the cIMB has a total of 33 PhD students that depend heavily on in vivo sciences (this does not include simply the use of transgenic models or collecting tissue for ex vivo analysis). All of these PhDs have involved co-supervisions, often across Faculties. As part of the competitive vetting process, the potential supervisors provide outlines for one or more MRes projects otherwise their applications for PhD studentships will not be considered. Thus, we can guarantee a varied supply of innovative, cutting-edge projects for our MRes students (see examples in the Case for Support). Indeed, many of our MRes graduates go on to do a PhD as part of a '1+3' or a stand-alone degree.