ENTEROVIRUS PREVALENCE AND EFFECT ON OPV IMMUNOGENICITY

麻痹性脊髓灰质炎仍然是一个主要的健康问题， 发展中国家 预防战略以脊髓灰质炎疫苗为基础 活的、减毒的和口服给药的（OPV），或 灭活并肠胃外给药。 在全球范围内，OPV一直受到青睐 有几个原因：它非常类似于食物和体液免疫 诱导野生型感染，生产简单，价格低廉，OPV 易于服用，并可提供群体免疫力。 但大多数 关于OPV的免疫原性数据来自已开发的 而在发展中国家的居民中， 口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗效果不佳。 最近爆发的疫情证明了这一点 在热带地区发生的脊髓灰质炎，尽管发病率很高， 口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗免疫 这些观察引起了人们的关注， 口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗免疫时间表可能不足以实现全球 根除野生脊髓灰质炎病毒感染。改善血清转化的努力 因此，在发展中国家，C）包括使用质量 疫苗接种运动被认为会压倒个人和社区 肠道病毒定植 关于这些运动对儿童的长期影响的数据 肠道病毒循环是有限的，感染的影响， 肠道病毒和其他肠道病毒对口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗的影响仍不确定。 的 本研究的目的是确定质量和常规OPV的效果 OPV免疫原性的影响，并评价 肠道病毒感染与OPV免疫原性之间的关系。 的 大规模接种与常规接种的影响，以及肠道免疫的影响。 病毒感染对OPV免疫原性的影响将通过 监测肠道病毒、轮状病毒、肠道 腺病毒、星状病毒和诺瓦克病毒，以及 生活在墨西哥农村的新接种疫苗的婴儿。 最近 开发的免疫测定和核酸探针将用于检测 研究病毒。

Paralytic poliomyelitis continues to be a major health problem in developing countries. Prevention strategies are based on polio vaccines which are either live, attenuated and orally administered (OPV) , or inactivated and parenterally administered. Globally, OPV has been favored for several reasons: it closely mimics alimentary and humoral immunity induced by wild type infection, production is simple and inexpensive, OPV is easy to administer, and may provide herd immunity. However, most immunogenicity data regarding OPV are derived from studies in developed countries, whereas among residents of developing countries, seroconversion to OPV has been poor. Evidence of this is demonstrated by recent outbreaks of poliomyelitis which have occurred in tropical areas despite high levels of immunization with OPV. These observations raise concern that routine OPV immunization schedules may be inadequate to achieve the goal of global eradication of wild poliovirus infection. Efforts to improve seroconversion in developing countries have therefore C)included the use of mass vaccination campaigns postulated to overwhelm individual and community enterovirus colonization. Data on the longterm effect of such campaigns on enterovirus circulation are limited, and the influence of infection with enteroviruses and other enteric viruses on OPV is still undetermined. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of mass and routine OPV vaccination on the immunogenicity of OPV and to evaluate the relationship between infection with enteric viruses and the immunogenicity of OPV. The influence of mass versus routine vaccination, and the influence of enteric virus infection on the immunogenicity of OPV will be investigated by monitoring enteric infection with enterovirus, rotavirus, enteric adenovirus, astrovirus and Norwalk virus, and serologic response to OPV in newly vaccinated infants living in a rural Mexican village. Recently developed immunoassays and nucleic acid probes will be used to detect the study viruses.