Training Grant Pediatric Infectious Diseases: Viral Infections in Children

儿科传染病培训补助金：儿童病毒感染

• 批准号: 8440846
• 负责人: Yvonne A. Maldonado
• 金额: $ 12.5万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2014-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8440846
• 关键词: Child; Childhood; Communicable Diseases; Grant; Training; Virus Diseases

The spectrum of infectious diseases contributing to pediatric morbidity and mortality has evolved considerably over the last century. Infections such as diphtheria, peri:ussis, and tetanus, now largely unseen even in developing areas of the world, were major killers before the advent of antibiotics and vaccines. Effective and widespread prevention and treatment of bacterial pathogens primarily affecting infants and children, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae, have resulted in the recognition of viral infections as prominent causes of pediatric morbidity and mortality. The role of viral pathogens is exacerbated by advances in immunosuppressive therapy for malignancies and autoimmune disorders, which render the host susceptible to relatively benign viral infections. Surprisingly, there is only a small armamentarium of antiviral agents and limited understanding of viral pathogenesis and host responses to viral pathogens, especially among children. In the developing world, few antiviral agents are available, established vaccines such as those directed against measles and hepatitis B are not widely available, and the HIV pandemic has resulted in >300,ooo HIV-infected children/year and 15 million orphans globally. There is a clear need to address the identification, treatment and prevention of viral infections in children. The purpose of this training grant is to provide rigorous preparation for trainees in pediatric infectious diseases to develop academic careers, in the domestic and international setting, with a focus on viral infections in children. One postdoctoral Pediatric Infectious Diseases trainee per year will be selected to participate in the three year training program, although support is only requested for the last two research years. Although not a degree-granting program, there is a required curriculum, and enrollment in courses offered in the Masters of Epidemiology program and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Stanford University is encouraged. The program is based on the success of the Stanford University Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases since its inception in 1978 in producing nationally known scholars and researchers. It is structured to allow trainees to choose from basic science, translational, and epidemiological research tracks with mentors from the Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, and Pathology, and with collaborators from the University of Zimbabwe, the University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, and the Universidad Autonoma and Hospital Infantil in Mexico City, v\dth the goal of studying pathogenesis and host response to viral pathogens in children. RELEVANCE (See instructions): This grant will train Pediatric Infectious Diseases fellows to become domestic and international academic researchers vsdth a focus on identification, prevention and treatment of viral infections of children.

导致儿科发病率和死亡率的传染病范围不断演变 比上个世纪显着增加。白喉、周炎和破伤风等感染，现在基本上看不见 即使在世界发展中地区，在抗生素和疫苗出现之前，它们也是主要杀手。 有效和广泛预防和治疗主要影响婴儿和儿童的细菌病原体 儿童，如肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌，已导致人们认识到 病毒感染是儿科发病和死亡的主要原因。病毒病原体的作用是 恶性肿瘤和自身免疫性疾病的免疫抑制治疗的进展加剧了这种情况， 使宿主容易受到相对良性的病毒感染。令人惊讶的是，只有一个小 抗病毒药物的武器库以及对病毒发病机制和宿主反应的有限了解 病毒病原体，尤其是儿童。在发展中国家，可用的抗病毒药物很少， 现有的疫苗，例如针对麻疹和乙型肝炎的疫苗尚未广泛使用，而且 艾滋病毒大流行导致全球每年有超过 300 名艾滋病毒感染儿童和 1500 万孤儿。那里 显然需要解决儿童病毒感染的识别、治疗和预防问题。 该培训补助金的目的是为儿科传染病学员提供严格的准备 在国内和国际环境中发展学术事业，重点是病毒 儿童感染。每年一名儿科传染病博士后实习生 被选参加为期三年的培训计划，尽管仅要求支持 最近两年的研究。虽然不是学位授予项目，但有必修课程，并且 流行病学硕士课程和微生物学系提供的课程注册 鼓励斯坦福大学的免疫学。该计划基于斯坦福大学的成功 大学儿科传染病科自1978年成立以来以产科闻名全国 学者和研究人员。它的结构允许学员从基础科学、转化科学、 与来自医学、微生物学系的导师一起进行流行病学研究 和免疫学、病理学，以及来自津巴布韦大学、津巴布韦大学的合作者 加州伯克利公共卫生学院、墨西哥自治大学和婴儿医院 城市的目标是研究儿童病毒病原体的发病机制和宿主反应。 相关性（参见说明）： 这笔赠款将培训儿科传染病研究员成为国内和国际学术人员 研究人员将重点放在儿童病毒感染的识别、预防和治疗上。