Genomics-assisted breeding for fatty acid content and composition in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

这项建议的中心目标是通过应用最先进的基因组学工具和资源以及高通量表型方法来提高多年生黑麦草的脂肪酸(FA)含量，并量化修改后的FA含量对动物生产、向动物供应有益的omega-3脂肪酸和温室气体排放(GHG)的影响。该项目解决了英国农业在一个正在经历气候变化的世界中面临的一些主要挑战。英国的气候有利于以草原为基础的畜牧业生产，这种畜牧业肩负着在一系列水平上增加产量同时减少投入的艰巨目标。这种可持续的集约化与畜牧业的未来越来越相关。该提案涉及BBSRC三个战略优先领域之间的可持续农业生产：作物科学、畜牧业生产和健康安全食品。它具有很高的战略相关性，特别是在理解和利用基因组学以提高牧草的营养成分(作物科学)方面。它还将提高动物生产的效率和可持续性，包括最大限度地减少对环境的负面影响，如温室气体排放(家畜生产)，并研究来自植物的新营养供应的潜力(健康和安全的食品)。脂肪和油是牲畜饲料的重要组成部分，为消耗脂肪和油的动物的生产需求贡献了大量能量。除了提供肉类和牛奶生产所需的基本能量外，FAs，以及更重要的是牲畜饲料中脂肪的FA分布，都会影响瘤胃功能和用于人类食品的动物产品的质量。我们已经确定了在提高总脂肪酸含量方面的重大机遇，特别是多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)部分，这将使下一代IBERS高性能黑麦草品种能够通过潜在地减少肠道甲烷排放和增加反刍动物产量，为英国农业和环境带来好处。随着更多的饲料衍生多不饱和脂肪酸出现在肉类和牛奶中，它还可能对人类健康产生好处。该项目将把植物遗传学家和育种者的专业知识与反刍动物营养学家结合在一个综合的多学科项目中。它将开发遗传工具和资源，以实现对FA内容和组成的有效选择。然而，对植物材料中的FA含量进行表型鉴定既耗时又昂贵。因此，该项目还将开发高通量技术，以补充先进的遗传方法。将在体外和体内研究改良草FA含量和组成对甲烷排放、omega-3吸收和反刍动物生长的影响。该项目将结合目前应用于IBERS牧草育种方案的基因组选择方法，利用这些结果加快多年生黑麦草新品种的开发和畜牧业对其的吸收。IBERS的牧草育种计划在质量改进方面有着创新和交付的记录，特别是在细胞壁生化和高水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)牧草的开发方面，这些牧草非常适合英国，具有良好的农艺性能。这项建议是通过BBSRC独立链接计划提交的。该项目将受益于英国拥有的唯一牧草和豆类种子生产和批发公司(Germinal Holdings)和代表英国反刍动物畜牧业很大一部分的HC的参与，从而使行业合作伙伴能够确定和审查关键目标，并吸收和交付该项目的成果。

The central objective of this proposal is to improve the fatty acid (FA) content of perennial ryegrass by applying state-of-the-art genomics tools and resources and high throughput phenotyping methodologies and to quantify the impact of modified FA content on animal production, supply of beneficial omega-3 FA to the animal and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). The project addresses some of the major challenges facing UK agriculture in a world that is undergoing climate change. The UK's climate favours grassland-based livestock production which is charged with the challenging target of increasing production whilst reducing inputs at a range of levels. Such sustainable intensification is increasingly relevant to the future of livestock agriculture. This proposal addresses sustainable agricultural production at the interface of three BBSRC strategic priority areas: crop science, livestock production and healthy and safe food. It is of high strategic relevance, specifically in understanding and exploiting the genomics for enhanced nutritional composition of pasture grasses (crop science). It will also increase the efficiency and sustainability of animal production, including minimising negative environmental impacts, such as emissions of greenhouse gases (livestock production) and investigates the potential of novel nutrient supplies from plants (healthy and safe food).Fats and oils are an important component of livestock diets, contributing a significant input of energy into the productive requirements of animals that consume them. Beyond delivering basic energy requirements for meat and milk production, FAs, and more importantly the FA profile of lipids in livestock feed can influence rumen function and the quality of animal products used for human food. We have identified a significant opportunity in relation to improving total FA content, in particular the polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) fraction, which will enable the next generation of IBERS high performance ryegrass varieties to provide benefits to UK agriculture and the environment, by potentially reducing enteric methane emissions and increasing ruminant production. It will also potentially result in human health benefits with more forage-derived PUFA being present in meat and milk. The project will combine the expertise of plant geneticists and breeders with ruminant nutritionists in an integrated multidisciplinary project. It will develop the genetic tools and resources to enable efficient selection for FA content and composition. Phenotyping plant material for FA content is however time consuming and costly. This project will therefore also develop high throughput techniques that will complement the advanced genetic approaches. The effect of modified grass FA content and composition on methane emissions, omega-3 absorption and growth of ruminants will be studied in vitro and in vivo. The project will use the results in combination with genomic selection approaches now being applied to the IBERS grass breeding programme to speed up the development of new perennial ryegrass varieties and their uptake by the livestock sector. Grass breeding programmes at IBERS have a track record of innovation and of delivery in terms of quality improvements, particularly in relation to cell wall biochemistry and the development of high water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) grasses which are well adapted to the UK and have a good agronomic performance. This proposal is being submitted through the BBSRC stand-alone LINK scheme. The project will benefit from the involvement of the only UK-owned forage grass and legume seed production and wholesale company (Germinal Holdings) and HCC representing a large part of the UK ruminant livestock sector, allowing for identification and review of key targets by the industrial partners and uptake and delivery of the outcomes of this project.