ANALYSIS OF CIGARETTE AND COFFEE USE INTERACTION

复杂心理运动任务的绩效--多任务绩效 电池(MTPB)，已被证明可靠地抑制吸烟。性能 同样的任务也被证明会产生持续的、非习惯性的 血压升高。飞行员的观察表明，这些 任务引发的血压反应会因 在任务执行前服用咖啡因和/或尼古丁。 这些观察表明，尼古丁和咖啡因可能对 对任务诱发的心血管反应性的影响尚不清楚 当简单地观察药物引起的心血管水平变化时。这个 L)复杂任务绩效与压抑相关的研究 吸烟和血压升高，而2)表现出更多 放松或无组织的任务与吸烟增加和 在血压微乎其微的情况下，表明 心血管反应可能与活动诱导的或 活动--抑制吸烟。 在这一提议的第一次实验中，几种剂量的 尼古丁和咖啡因对MTPB诱导的多种心血管系统的影响 我们会研究他们的回应。在第二个实验中， 有无尼古丁和尼古丁的子任务类型和激励 咖啡因将被调查。前两项研究的目的是 尽可能充分地描述以下物质的剂量和任务依赖效应 尼古丁和咖啡因对心血管反应性的调节。在三分之一 研究，前两个实验的结果将为 受试者参与的相关活动序列分析 长期的住宅实验。序列将包括活动 它们与引起不同程度的 有无咖啡因和尼古丁的心血管状态 行政管理。第三个实验的目的是研究 与不同程度相关的活动之间的关系 心血管反应性和随意吸烟和咖啡的使用。这个 三个拟议实验的结果与以下内容直接相关 以“唤醒”为基础的物质使用理论，此外，还提供了 尼古丁和咖啡因对心血管的影响 反应性，这在很大程度上是一个未开发的领域。

Performance of a complex psychomotor task, the Multiple Task Performance Battery (MTPB), has been shown to reliably suppress smoking. Performance of the same task has also been shown to produce sustained, non-habituating increases in blood pressure. Pilot observations suggest that these task-elicited blood pressure responses are potentiated by the administration of caffeine and/or nicotine prior to task performance. These observations suggest that nicotine and caffeine may have potent effects on task-elicited cardiovascular reactivity which are not discerned when simply looking at drug-elicited changes in cardiovascular levels. The findings that l) complex task performance is associated with suppressed smoking as well as elevated blood pressures, while 2) performance of more relaxing or unstructured tasks is associated with increased smoking and with negligible increases in blood pressure, suggest that elicited cardiovascular responding may be associated with activity-induced or activity-suppressed smoking. In the first experiment of this proposal, the effects of several doses of nicotine and caffeine on a variety of MTPB-elicited cardiovascular responses will be studied. In the second experiment, the interaction of subtask type and incentive with the presence or absence of nicotine and caffeine will be investigated. The purpose of the first two studies is to characterize as fully as possible the dose and task-dependent effects of nicotine and caffeine modulation on cardiovascular reactivity. In a third study, findings from the first two experiments will provide the basis for analysis of relevant activity sequences for subjects participating in long-term residential experiments. The sequences will include activities which are associated with differing degrees of elicited change in cardiovascular state both with and without caffeine and nicotine administration. The purpose of this third experiment is to investigate the relationship between activities associated with differing degrees of cardiovascular reactivity and ad libitum smoking and coffee use. The findings of the three proposed experiments are directly relevant to "arousal"-based theories of substance use and, in addition, provide basic information on the effects of nicotine and caffeine on cardiovascular reactivity, a largely unexplored area.