DRUG SELF-ADMINISTRATION BY INHALATION IN THE PRIMATE

我们的目标是促进行为药理学和毒理学的发展 吸入剂。吸入剂滥用模型的开发将提供 技术：(1)允许评估相对滥用潜力 溶剂和麻醉剂；(2)允许说明无毒水平 溶剂暴露和工业暴露限值的确定； (3)允许比较吸入剂维持寻求毒品的强度 具有其他滥用药物维持的行为强度的行为。 拟议的计划将并行进行： 1)猴子的溶剂自我给药。猴子将被训练成 自我给药吸入剂，如烷基苯(如甲苯)、酮、 和脂肪醇。浓度-和持续时间-效应曲线将 下定决心。将审查增援时间表，以确定 这些助剂作为增强剂的有效性。患者的血液水平 吸入剂将被确定。 2)吸入物质的厌恶特性。我们将生成 通过终止接触有毒挥发物而维持的表演 物质。最初对溶剂的厌恶可能起到重要作用 在确定他们的滥用潜力方面。挥发性物质可以 变得令人厌恶是最重要的，并可能直接影响到 对消费品的监管。 3)有机溶剂对性能的影响。吸入物也 诱发行为毒性，可通过使用 计划控制的行为。几种药物的量效关系曲线 将获得试剂以确定如何保持浓度 自我管理与那些影响其他表演的行为有关。 对这种影响的了解有助于我们确定药理学特征。 这些代理，并与自我管理和 药代动力学数据，帮助我们了解吸入剂的决定因素 虐待。

Our objective is to advance the behavioral pharmacology and toxicology of inhalants. The development of models of inhalant abuse will provide techniques that: (1) permit assessment of the relative abuse potential of solvents and anesthetics; (2) permit specification of nontoxic levels of solvent exposure and the establishment of industrial exposure limit values; (3) permit comparison of the strength of inhalant-maintained drug-seeking behavior with the strength of behavior maintained by other drugs of abuse. The proposed program will progress in parallel phases: 1) Solvent self-administration by the monkey. Monkeys will be trained to self-administer inhalants such as alkyl benzenes (e.g. toluene), ketones, and aliphatic alcohols. Concentration- and duration-effect curves will be determined. Schedules of reinforcement will be examined to determine the effectiveness of these agents as reinforcers. Blood levels of the inhalants will be determined. 2) Aversive properties of inhaled substances. We will generate performances maintained by the termination of exposure to noxious volatile substances. The initial aversiveness of solvents may play an important role in determining their abuse potential. The ways that volatile materials can be made aversive are of paramount importance, and could bear directly on the regulation of consumer products. 3) Effects of organic solvents on performance. Inhaled materials also induce behavioral toxicity that can be measured by using schedule-controlled behavior. Concentration-effect curves of several agents will be obtained to determine how concentrations that maintain self-administration are related to those that affect other performances. Knowledge of such effects helps us characterize the pharmacologic profile of these agents and, in conjunction with self-administration and pharmacokinetic data, helps us undertstand the determinants of inhalant abuse.