CELLULAR ASPECTS OF OPIATE BINDING TO HUMAN LEUKOCYTES

流行病学家估计，25%的人类艾滋病患者使用 可注射阿片类药物，使药物滥用成为主要原因 艾滋病流行中的变数。关于增加的人的一个假设 街头鸦片成瘾者中的艾滋病发生率，与 普通人群，建议免疫调节剂 阿片类药物的特性使吸毒者的免疫系统变得脆弱 到艾滋病毒等传染性病原体和那些使 这种情况被称为艾滋病。研究发现外周T淋巴细胞 有特定的阿片类药物结合位点支持这样的假设 阿片剂本身是调制的直接因素 吸毒者的免疫能力。然而，在病因学之前， 阿片类药物诱导的免疫调节可以完全理解， 基本需要确定阿片类药物的特异性和 阿片-配体/结合位点(S)相互作用的离子需求 T淋巴细胞。第二，酒精和可卡因会改变 阿片类药物的免疫调节特性，因此 研究这些药物如何影响阿片类药物与 淋巴细胞因为这种多药的相关性 与街头成瘾环境的相互作用。第三，通过 研究Bmax中的方差差异(数量 每对同卵双胞胎之间的每个淋巴细胞的结合位置 与同卵双胞胎相比，遗传对 阿片剂诱导的免疫调节的关键成分也可以 被评估。第四，阿片类药物结合的测量 街头瘾君子的淋巴细胞将测试是否 淋巴细胞表现出对鸦片类药物的耐受性。最后， 淋巴细胞-阿片类药物的相互作用可以用来评估 次级生化信号的调制(Ca+2内流和 CAMP浓度)，控制细胞代谢和 最终的免疫功能。只有小心的机械学才能做到 阿片类药物与淋巴细胞结合的研究表明 街头吸毒者的免疫缺陷可以得到解决，他们的 对艾滋病和其他传染病易感性的解释。 在了解阿片类免疫调节的病因学后，它 有可能设计出有效的干预策略 逆转艾滋病患者的免疫缺陷和艾滋病易感性 街头鸦片瘾君子。

Epidemiologists estimate that 25% of human AIDS patients use injectable opiates, making drug abuse a major contributory variable in the AIDS epidemic. One hypothesis for the increased rate of AIDS among street opiate addicts, compared to the general population, proposes that the immunomodulatory properties of opiates make immune systems of addicts vulnerable to infectious agents such as HIV and those which complicate the condition known as AIDS. Findings that peripheral T lymphocytes have specific opiate binding sites support the hypothesis that opiates themselves are a direct factor in modulating immunocompetence in addicts. However, before the etiology of opiate-induced immunomodulation can be fully understood, a fundamental need exists to determine the opiate specificity and ionic requirements of the opiate-ligand/binding site(s) interactions of the T lymphocyte. Second, alcohol and cocaine alters the immunomodulatory properties of opiates, and it would therefore be instructive to study how these drugs affect opiate binding to lymphocytes because of the relevance of such polydrug interactions to the circumstances of street addiction. Third, by studying the difference in variance in Bmax (the number of binding sites per lymphocyte) between pairs of monozygotic twins compared to dizygotic twins, the contribution of heredity to a critical component of opiate-induced immunomodulation can also be assessed. Fourth, measurement of opiate binding to lymphocytes from street addicts would test whether the lymphocytes demonstrate tolerance for opiates. Finally, lymphocyte-opiate interactions can be exploited to evaluate the modulation of secondary biochemical signals (Ca+2 influx and cAMP concentration) which control cellular metabolism and ultimately immune function. It is only by careful mechanistic studies of the binding of opiates to lymphocytes that the apparent immunodeficiency of street addicts can be addressed and their susceptibility to AIDS and other infectious diseases interpreted. With knowledge of the etiology of opiate immunomodulation, it may be possible to devise intervention strategies to effectively reverse the immunodeficiency and AIDS-susceptibility of the street opiate addict.