ROLE OF CELLULAR ORGANELLES IN OLFACTORY RECEPTION

最近的研究表明，持续的生理暗示 嗅觉感受器的替换是深刻的。以前的大部分 已发表的受体机制和编码研究结果 初级神经元将需要重新评估。现在看来，有一些 对化学物质反应不同的两类感受器神经元 刺激、新近分化神经元和成熟神经元。 不同之处在于纤毛膜和容量 用于产生尖峰的细胞的数量。这些实验将决定 两种细胞类型的响应特性的差异以及它们的 反应结合在刺激诱发的嗅电图(EOG)和 上皮阻抗改变。这些实验测量了对化学物质的反应 上皮细胞再生过程中不同阶段的刺激 神经切片和坏死消融术。不断变化的比例 在这一过程中不同的细胞类型允许确定 每个人对回应的贡献。产生复杂EOG波的原因， 对于阻抗变化的两个独立分量，以及对于简单和 单细胞棘波的复杂类型从未被确定。这些 实验验证了这一假设，即这些复杂的反应是由 不同细胞类型的同时活动。离子机制 对EOG的贡献和阻抗变化将使用 在分离的受体器官中进行离子置换。离子的差异 神经元成熟不同阶段的动作电位成分 探索在组织切片制备中使用离子置换。一次尝试 将在再生过程中阻止有丝分裂以产生上皮 具有均匀成熟状态的细胞。这样的准备工作将 简化实验研究并澄清其解释。嗅觉 受体在脊椎动物神经系统的神经元中是独一无二的 他们的更新能力。这项工作将进一步加深我们对 在这些细胞中发生的过程以及解释 嗅觉。

Recent work has shown that the physiological implications of continual olfactory receptor replacement are profound. Most of the previously published results of studies of receptor mechanisms and of coding in the primary neurons will require reevaluation. It now appears that there are two classes of receptor neurons which respond differently to chemical stimulation, the recently differentiated neurons and the mature neurons. The differences reside in the membranes of the cilia and in the capacities of the cells for spike generation. These experiments will determine the differences in response properties of the two cell types and how their responses combine in the stimulus-evoked electro-olfactogram (EOG) and epithelium impedance change. The experiments measure responses to chemical stimulation at different stages during epithelial regeneration following nerve section and necrosis ablation. The changing proportions of the different cell types during this process allows determination of the contributions of each to the response. The reasons for complex EOG waves, for two independent components of the impedance change, and for simple and complex types of single-cell spikes have never been determined. These experiments test the hypothesis that these complex responses result from simultaneous activities in different cell types. The ionic mechanisms contributing to the EOG and the impedance change will be determined using ion replacement in the isolated receptor organ. Differences in ionic components of action potentials at different stages of neuron maturity will be explored using ion replacement on tissue slice preparations. An attempt will be made to block mitosis during regeneration to produce an epithelium with cells of homogeneous maturation state. Such a preparation would simplify experimental studies and clarify their interpretation. Olfactory receptors are unique among neurons of the vertebrate nervous system in their capacity for renewal. This work will further our knowledge of the processes which occur in these cells and the mechanisms which account for the olfactory sense.