SUPERFAMILY

SUPERFAMILY是一个流行的资源，用于检测和分类基因组序列中已知结构的蛋白质结构域。小蛋白质是一个单一的单位，但较大的蛋白质可以由多个亚单位组成，我们称之为结构域。结构域是模块化的进化块，通过复制和重组现有的单位形成整个蛋白质的组成部分。x射线晶体学和核磁共振实验提供了蛋白质的三维原子分辨率结构，允许将结构域分组到相关的家族中，这些家族通常具有共同或相关的功能。SUPERFAMILY数据库以隐马尔可夫模型的形式包含这些领域家族的配置文件库。这些模型是一种可以检测蛋白质序列中结构域存在的计算工具。几年前，完整的人类基因组被实验表征，给了我们一张所有蛋白质序列的清单。许多其他生物体的基因组也已经被测序，目前我们已经有了数千种生物体的完整蛋白质序列。SUPERFAMILY模型库针对所有基因组运行，以识别蛋白质中的结构域。SUPERFAMILY分析产生的数据可以用于生物学家在实验室中研究特定蛋白质，研究整个基因组的大型项目，或者提高我们对所有基因组和所有生命王国的分子进化的理解。SUPERFAMILY网站使用户可以根据模型库输入序列进行搜索。所有基因组的域分配结果存储在数据库中，也可以在网站上查看。有许多浏览数据的工具和方法，可以对不同的生物体、蛋白质和结构域进行比较，从而使研究人员能够回答生物学问题。数据、软件和模型库可供人们批量下载，进行自己的分析。SUPERFAMILY中包含的信息可以输入其他几个网站和资源，例如ENSEMBL人类基因组网站，这些网站汇集了不同的专业数据来源，并相互显示。

SUPERFAMILY is a popular resource that detects and classifies protein domains of known structure in genome sequences.Small proteins are a single unit but larger proteins can be made up of multiple subunits we call domains. Domains are modular evolutionary blocks which form components of whole proteins via duplication and recombination of existing units. X-ray crystallography and NMR experiments provide the 3D atomic resolution structure of proteins allowing the domains to be grouped into related families which often share a common or related function. The SUPERFAMILY database contains a library of profiles of these domain families in the form of hidden Markov models. These models are a computational tool which can detect the presence of domains in the sequences of proteins.Some years ago the complete human genome was experimentally characterised, giving us a list of all the sequences of the proteins. The genomes of many other organisms have also been sequenced and at this time we have the complete sequences for the proteins of thousands of organisms. The SUPERFAMILY model library is run against all the genomes to identify the domains in the proteins. The data produced by the SUPERFAMILY analysis can be used for example by biologists working on specific proteins in the laboratory, larger projects working on a whole genome, or to improve our understanding of molecular evolution across all genomes and all kingdoms of life.The SUPERFAMILY website enables users to enter sequences to search against the model library. The results of the domain assignments to all the genomes are stored in a database and can also be viewed on the website. There are many tools and ways of browsing the data which allow the comparison of different organisms, proteins and domains to allow researchers to answer biological questions. The data, software and model library are available for people to download wholesale to carry out their own analysis. The information contained in SUPERFAMILY feeds into several other websites and resources, e.g. the ENSEMBL human genome website, which bring together different specialist sources of data to display alongside each other.