The Electrochemical Leaf:Rapid, Reversible Cycling of Nicotinamide Cofactors for Enzyme-based Organic Synthesis

一项新的发明，“电化学叶”集成了一个通用的绿色叶与导电金属氧化物的组成部分，以产生一个独特的生物降解材料，以驱动酶为基础的有机合成。Leaf是一种具有众多应用的平台技术。植物光合CO2吸收的第一个成键阶段涉及一种称为铁氧还蛋白-NADP-还原酶（FNR）的简单酶，该酶利用光激发电子回收在初级CO2固定过程（卡尔文循环）中消耗（产生NADP+）的“烟酰胺”辅因子NADPH。在“Leaf”中，FNR嵌入沉积在载体上的介孔氧化铟锡（ITO）中，产生使用电力快速且可逆地分解NADPH/NADP+的电极（FNR@ITO/载体）。超过1000种酶在选择性有机反应中使用烟酰胺，但工业无法利用这种化学。“Leaf”是一种平台技术，代表了一个步骤的变化。

A new invention, the 'Electrochemical Leaf' integrates a universal component of green leaves with a conducting metal oxide to produce a unique bio-hydrid material to drive enzyme-based organic synthesis. The 'Leaf is a platform technology with numerous applications. The first bond-forming stage of photosynthetic CO2 uptake in plants involves a simple enzyme called ferredoxin-NADP-reductase (FNR) which uses photo-excited electrons to recycle the 'nicotinamide' cofactor NADPH that is consumed (yielding NADP+) in the primary CO2-fixing process (Calvin cycle). In the 'Leaf, FNR is embedded in mesoporous indium tin oxide (ITO) deposited on a support, resulting in an electrode (FNR@ITO/support) that recycles NADPH/NADP+ rapidly and reversibly, using electricity. More than 1000 enzymes use nicotinamides in selective organic reactions, but industry cannot exploit this chemistry. The 'Leaf' is a platform technology that represents a step change.