PATTERNS OF EATING IN LEAN AND OBESE HUMANS

这是一个继续我们的饮食模式调查的建议， 行为在瘦和肥胖的人，无论是微观结构的个人 一天24小时内的膳食和膳食及零食模式。 我们 在这项工作中采取三个步骤1）固体食物单元（SFU）被用作 实验室食物，以监测进食率和进食率的变化 在一顿饭的时间过程中。 在这里，我们正在调查的影响， 这些主要变量，如剥夺，时间和大小的预负荷（偏见 饱食），适口性，品种，和厌食药物对 膳食的微观结构。 除其他外，我们对学习感兴趣 为什么肥胖的受试者不像瘦的受试者那样放慢进食速度， 以及这意味着他们对 饱足暗示 2)口腔传感器是压电晶体，嵌入在 霍利牙科固位器，使我们能够记录所有咀嚼和吞咽 我们打算在实验室里用它来记录 吃复杂的，常规的食物以及SFU的时间过程。 相同的 变量将被调查，但现在我们可以研究的精细结构， 通过检查咀嚼速度、每次吞咽的咀嚼次数和 吞咽间期 我们特别感兴趣的是 导致每次吞咽的咀嚼次数随着 食物随着进餐的进展和饱食而不断增加 发展起来的 3)正在开发遥测和流动记录， 将压电晶体的输出广播到24小时袖珍磁带上 记录器由受试者佩戴。 这种方法将允许不显眼的 记录一天中所有的咀嚼和吞咽， 事件可以记录下来，我们可以分析每天的膳食和零食模式， 瘦的和肥胖的受试者在他们的自然环境外， 实验室 我们将测量进餐量或持续时间、进餐频率， 餐间间隔（a），以便我们可以比较瘦和肥胖的模式 人，（B），这样我们就可以看到扰动模式的影响， 跳过或加倍和膳食，和（c），以便我们可以衡量的影响， 减食欲药 我们希望，这项工作不仅将揭示 人类饮食行为的基本过程，但也将 区分导致和维持肥胖的饮食模式。 成果 这些调查可能包括行为的可能性， 肥胖的分类，行为的具体建议 在减肥计划中改变饮食，监测依从性， 饮食计划，甚至可能使用口腔传感器系统， 当病人吃得太快、太长或太频繁时发出信号。

This is a proposal to continue our investigations of patterns of eating behavior in lean and obese humans, both the microstructure of individual meals and meal and snack pattern over the 24-hours of the day. We are taking three steps in this work 1) A solid food unit (SFU) is being used as a laboratory food in order to monitor the rate and change in rate of eating over the time-course of a meal. Here we are investigating the effects of such major variables as deprivation, the time and size of preloads (to bias satiation), palatability, variety, and anorectic drugs on the microstructure of meals. Among other things, we are interested in learning why obese subjects don't slow down their eating as much as lean subjects as the meal progresses and what this implies about their responses to satiation cues. 2) The oral sensor is a piezo crystal, imbedded in a Hawley dental retainer that allows us to record all chews and swallows during a meal, and we are proposing to use it in the laboratory to record the time-course of eating complex, regular foods as well as SFUs. The same variables will be investigated, but now we can study the fine structure of eating by examining the rate of chewing, number of chews per swallow, and interswallow interval. We are expecially interested in following up the lead that the number of chews per swallow decreases as the palatability of the food increases and increases as the meal progresses and satiation develops. 3) Telemetering and ambulatory recording is being developed to broadcast the output of the piezo crystals to a 24-hour pocket tape recorder worn by the subject. This method will permit unobtrusive recording of all chews and swallows throughout the day so that all eating events can be recorded and we can analyze daily meal and snack patterns in lean and obese subjects in their natural environments outside the laboratory. We will measure meal size or duration, meal frequency, and intermeal interval (a) so that we can compare patterns in lean and obese people, (b) so that we can see the effects of perturbing the patterns by skipping or doubling and meal, and (c) so that we can measure the effects of anorectic drugs. It is our hope that this work will not only shed light on the fundamental process of human eating behavior, but will also distinguish eating patterns that lead to and maintain obesity. The fruits of these investigations may include the possibility of a behavioral classification of obesities, specific recommendations for behavioral modification of eating in weight-loss programs monitoring compliance to diet programs, and even the possibility of using the oral sensor system to signal patients when they eat too fast, too long, or too often.