PATTERNS OF EATING IN LEAN AND OBESE HUMANS

这项建议的长期目标是将信息 从控制食物的变量的实验室研究中获得的 治疗肥胖症。 我们计划进行四种类型的研究。 1)我们将研究饮食行为的微观结构， 实验室通过肌电图记录咀嚼从 咬肌 这些研究将显示如何咀嚼，其中一个 进食行为的生物单位，决定食物的速度 摄入 我们将评估主要变量的影响，例如 食物的适口性对咀嚼模式和咀嚼模式 可以被修改以改变摄取率。 2)EMG记录 也将用于验证口内传感器 我们正在开发的动态监测咀嚼， 自然环境 我们将使用动态监测， 咀嚼以研究瘦型和肥胖型受试者的日常饮食模式， 在肥胖症治疗中的应用。 分析这些餐 模式将帮助我们了解膳食的大小和膳食 频率是受控的，这将有助于我们发现问题 肥胖患者的饮食模式。 3)我们将继续实验 研究，以检查有助于不同的变量， 肥胖女性和瘦女性之间的饮食模式 以前观察过。 我们还将测试行为变化是否 肥胖症治疗项目所提倡的， 减缓摄入速度，实际上帮助人们吃得更少。 我们将利用一系列测试来区分 瘦和肥胖的人的行为，以监测进展， 患者在治疗肥胖之前、期间和之后。 我们将 检查我们的行为措施是否与其他 对患者的生理和心理测量（例如， 静息能量消耗和Stunkard-Messick评分 饮食清单）。 我们将决定我们的行为是否 测量有助于预测治疗的结果， 某些行为变化可以促进或干扰 减肥. 我们还将测试减肥是否会引起变化 在行为测量中。 考虑到大多数 人们会失去体重恢复全部或大部分，这是非常 通过量身定制来优化肥胖症的治疗非常重要， 减肥方案给个别患者。 我们希望在 我们在实验室测试和 按目标进行的每日饮食模式的动态监测 手段 我们还希望监测治疗的依从性 动态记录食物摄入量的方案。 它也可以 在未来有可能使用这个系统来发出肥胖的信号 病人吃得太快，太多，太频繁。

The long-term objective of this proposal is to apply information gained from laboratory studies of the variables that control food intake to the treatment of obesity. We plan four types of studies. 1) We will study the microstructure of eating behavior in the laboratory by electromyographic recording of chews from the masseter muscle. These studies will show how chews, one of the biological units of eating behavior, determine the rate of food intake. We will evaluate the effect of major variables such as palatability of food on chewing patterns and how chewing patterns can be modified to change ingestion rate. 2) The EMG recording of chews will also be also be used to validate an intraoral sensor which we are developing for ambulatory monitoring of chews in the natural environment. We will use ambulatory monitoring of chews to study daily meal patterns in lean and obese subjects and in patients during treatment for obesity. Analysis of these meal patterns will help us to understand how meal size and meal frequency are controlled and will help us to identify problem eating patterns in obese patients. 3) We will continue laboratory studies to examine the variables that contribute to the different eating patterns between lean and obese women that we have observed previously. We will also test whether behavioral changes that are advocated by treatment programs for obesity, such as slowing the rate of ingestion, actually help people to eat less. 4) We will draw on a battery of tests that differentiate the eating behavior of lean and obese people to monitor the progress of patients before, during, and after treatment for obesity. We will examine whether our behavioral measures are related to other physiological and psychological measures on the patients (e.g. resting energy expenditure and scores on the Stunkard-Messick Eating Inventory). We will determine whether our behavioral measures help predict the outcome of treatment and whether certain behavioral changes can either promote or interfere with weight loss. We will also test whether weight loss causes changes in the behavioral measures. Given the fact that most of the people will lose weight regain all or much of it, it is extremely important to optimize the treatment of obesity by tailor-making weight loss regimens to individual patients. This we hope to do on the basis of the data we collect in laboratory tests and in ambulatory monitoring of daily eating patterns by objective means. We also hope to monitor compliance to treatment regimens with ambulatory recording of food intake. It may also be possible in the future to use this system to signal obese patients when they eat too fast, too much, and too often.