PATTERNS OF EATING IN LEAN AND OBESE HUMANS

这是一项继续我们对饮食模式的研究的建议 瘦人和肥胖者的行为，都是个体的微观结构 一天24小时的用餐、用餐和零食模式。我们是 在这项工作中采取三个步骤1)固体食品单元(SFU)被用作 一种实验室食品，用于监测进食率和进食率的变化 在一顿饭的时间过程中。我们在这里调查的是 诸如剥夺、预加载的时间和大小(偏向)等主要变量 饱腹感)、适口性、多样性和厌食药 膳食的微观结构。在其他事情中，我们对学习感兴趣 为什么肥胖的人不像瘦的人那样放慢进食的速度 进餐的过程以及这意味着他们对 吃饱了的暗示。2)口腔传感器是一个压电晶体，嵌入在一个 霍利牙科保持器，让我们可以记录所有的咀嚼和吞咽 在用餐期间，我们计划在实验室里用它来记录 进食复杂的常规食物以及SFU的时间过程。相同 变量将被研究，但现在我们可以研究 通过检查咀嚼速度、每一口的咀嚼次数来进食，以及 燕子间的间隔。我们特别感兴趣的是跟进 导致每一口燕子的咀嚼次数随着口感的增加而减少 食物随着食物的进食和饱足而不断增加 发展起来。3)遥测和动态记录正在发展到 将压电晶体的输出播放到24小时袖珍磁带中 受试者佩戴的录音机。这种方法将允许不引人注目的 全天记录所有的咀嚼和燕子，以便所有的进食 事件可以被记录下来，我们可以分析日常饮食和零食模式 精瘦和肥胖的受试者在他们的自然环境中 实验室。我们将测量用餐规模或持续时间，用餐频率，以及 餐间间隔(A)，以便我们可以比较瘦和肥胖的模式 人们，(B)这样我们就可以看到扰乱模式的效果 跳过或加倍和用餐，以及(C)以便我们可以衡量其影响 厌食药。我们希望，这项工作不仅将揭示 关于人类进食行为的基本过程，还会 区分导致和维持肥胖的饮食模式。水果 这些调查可能包括行为方面的可能性 服从的分类，行为的具体建议 在减肥计划中修改饮食，监测遵守情况 饮食计划，甚至使用口腔传感器系统的可能性 当病人吃得太快、太长或太频繁时，发出信号。

This is a proposal to continue our investigations of patterns of eating behavior in lean and obese humans, both the microstructure of individual meals and meal and snack pattern over the 24-hours of the day. We are taking three steps in this work 1) A solid food unit (SFU) is being used as a laboratory food in order to monitor the rate and change in rate of eating over the time-course of a meal. Here we are investigating the effects of such major variables as deprivation, the time and size of preloads (to bias satiation), palatability, variety, and anorectic drugs on the microstructure of meals. Among other things, we are interested in learning why obese subjects don't slow down their eating as much as lean subjects as the meal progresses and what this implies about their responses to satiation cues. 2) The oral sensor is a piezo crystal, imbedded in a Hawley dental retainer that allows us to record all chews and swallows during a meal, and we are proposing to use it in the laboratory to record the time-course of eating complex, regular foods as well as SFUs. The same variables will be investigated, but now we can study the fine structure of eating by examining the rate of chewing, number of chews per swallow, and interswallow interval. We are expecially interested in following up the lead that the number of chews per swallow decreases as the palatability of the food increases and increases as the meal progresses and satiation develops. 3) Telemetering and ambulatory recording is being developed to broadcast the output of the piezo crystals to a 24-hour pocket tape recorder worn by the subject. This method will permit unobtrusive recording of all chews and swallows throughout the day so that all eating events can be recorded and we can analyze daily meal and snack patterns in lean and obese subjects in their natural environments outside the laboratory. We will measure meal size or duration, meal frequency, and intermeal interval (a) so that we can compare patterns in lean and obese people, (b) so that we can see the effects of perturbing the patterns by skipping or doubling and meal, and (c) so that we can measure the effects of anorectic drugs. It is our hope that this work will not only shed light on the fundamental process of human eating behavior, but will also distinguish eating patterns that lead to and maintain obesity. The fruits of these investigations may include the possibility of a behavioral classification of obesities, specific recommendations for behavioral modification of eating in weight-loss programs monitoring compliance to diet programs, and even the possibility of using the oral sensor system to signal patients when they eat too fast, too long, or too often.