Antigen specificity of T cells mediating suppression of immunity to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and vaccination.

疫苗是控制许多传染病最具成本效益的方法。使用疫苗还可以减少抗生素的使用，从而减少对用于治疗感染的药物的抗微生物药物耐药性。许多病原体影响牲畜物种，在猪肉工业中，猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）是当今最重要的经济感染之一。这种病毒性疾病已经在世界范围内传播，养猪户正在努力控制这种疾病。市场上有疫苗，但这些配方的性能有限。具体来说，这些疫苗只能对类似的病毒株提供良好的保护，并且有两种主要类型和许多亚型。因此，当农民需要疫苗具有非常广泛的保护时，保护是相当狭隘的。我们将开发工具，以便设计下一代疫苗，以控制感染的传播，即使流行的病毒与用于制造疫苗的病毒大不相同。我们建议开发人类疫苗研究人员已经可以使用的猪研究技术，并允许对疫苗接种的免疫反应进行更准确和信息丰富的评估。使用这些现代的、信息量更大的技术将提供新的和明确的结果，用于设计和测试更负担得起的PRRSV疫苗。这些努力将为农民提供一个重要的工具，以控制一种给他们的牲畜造成重大经济损失和严重痛苦的疾病。

Vaccines are the most cost effective method for controlling many infectious diseases. Using vaccines also reduces the use of antibiotics and that results in less antimicrobial resistance to drugs used to treat infection. Many pathogens affect livestock species and, in the pork industry, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most economically important infections today. This viral disease has spread world-wide and pig farmers struggle to control the disease. There are vaccines available in the market, but the performance of these formulations is limited. Specifically, these vaccines only provide good protection against similar strains of the virus and there are two major types and many subtypes. So, protection is fairly narrow when the farmers need the vaccine to have very broad protection. We will develop tools that will allow for the design of next generation vaccines to control spread of infection even when the circulating virus is very different from the virus used to make the vaccine. We propose to develop technologies for pig research that are already available to human vaccine researchers and that allow a more accurate and informative assessment of the immune response to vaccination. Using these modern, more informative technologies will provide new and clear results to be used in the design and testing of more affordable vaccines for PRRSV. These efforts will give farmers an important tool to control a disease that causes significant economic loss and serious pain and suffering in their animals.