SPATIAL COORDINATES OF VISUO VESTIBULO OCULAR REFLEXES

拟议中的实验的总体目标是描述神经元 空间和时间协调的结构-功能关系 通过分析眼睛和头部的内在参照系来分析它们的运动 在功能和系统发育方面都是如此。实验范式 包括视觉的空间组织和中心表示 橄榄-小脑系统的输入，眼头的功能解剖 协调性，以及水平和基础的形态和生理 垂直补偿性和自主性眼球运动。这些目标将 在以下五个具体目标中加以解决。1)空间 视动输入的组织，包括其地形和 橄榄-小脑系统各区的功能表征 将在猫和兔子身上进行研究。2)的递减投影 近端颈部移位者的垂直和水平前庭神经元 在猫身上下定决心。这些专门的颈部投影是 假设反映了前庭管内的组织结构。3) 垂直管相关二级结构与功能的关系 前庭神经元对代偿性和自主性眼球运动 在猫身上建立起来的。4)专业化的水平眼动 路径，由Deiters和绑架者的上升区组成 核间神经元将用比较的方法进行研究。 利用被认为是“活的”的兔子、金鱼和鱼 这些实验的重点是研究人类的系统发育。 脊椎动物的眼前化和凹陷化。5)互惠 前庭-动眼神经系统的兴奋性-抑制性神经支配 在鱼中被确定。这项工作强调了人类系统发育的连续性 特定的推挽式工作模式。实验技术包括 急性和慢性动物制剂，三维视觉和 前庭刺激，细胞外和细胞内录音，细胞外和 细胞内辣根过氧化物酶、2-脱氧葡萄糖和眼睛 使用磁力搜索线圈系统进行运动记录。从长远来看 该提案的目标是证明中枢神经 系统采用首选坐标以简化计算 过程，当处理高度的感觉-运动系统时 自由。这些优选的坐标可以以不同的形式表示 固有的参照系，这将通过特征反映 神经通路。

The overall goal of the proposed experiments is to describe the neuronal structure-function relationships of spatially and temporally coordinated eye and head movements by analyzing their intrinsic reference frame systems in both functional and phylogenetic contexts. The experimental paradigms include the spatial organization and central representation of the visual input to the olivo-cerebellar system, the functional anatomy of eye-head coordination, and the morphology and physiology underlying horizontal and vertical compensatory and voluntary eye movements. These objectives will be addressed in the following five specific aims. 1) The spatial organization of optokinetic input including its topographical and functional representation within the zones of the olivo-cerebellar system will be studied in cats and rabbits. 2) The descending projections of vertical and horizontal vestibular neurons to proximal neck movers will be determined in the cat. These specialized cervical projections are hypothesized to reflect the vestibular canal organization. 3) The structure-function relationship of vertical canal related second order vestibular neurons to compensatory and voluntary eye movements will be established in the cat. 4) The specialized horizontal eye movement pathways, consisting of the ascending tract of Deiters and abducens internuclear neurons will be investigated in a comparative approach utilizing rabbits, goldfish, and fish which are considered "living fossils". These experiments focus on the phylogenetic development of ocular frontalization and fovealization in vertebrates. 5) The reciprocal excitatory-inhibitory innervation of the vestibulo-oculomotor system will be ascertained in fish. This work emphasized phylogenetic continuity of the particular push-pull operational mode. Experimental techniques include acute and chronic animal preparations, three-dimensional visual and vestibular stimuli with extra-and intracellular recordings, extra- and intracellular horseradish peroxidase (HRP), 2-deoxyglucose, and eye movement recordings with a magnetic search coil system. The long term objectives of the proposal is to demonstrate that the central nervous system employs preferred coordinates in order to simplify calculation processes, when dealing with sensory-motor systems of high degrees of freedom. These preferred coordinates may be expressed in distinct intrinsic reference frame systems, that will be reflected by characteristic neuronal pathways.