HUMAN CONE PIGMENT KINETICS

我们将研究视觉的初始阶段：捕捉，吸收和 人类视锥细胞中光能的转换。 光在视锥细胞中的捕获是由视锥细胞的能力控制的， 将光从内部段引导到外部段， 测量使用一种新的光学技术，感光器对准 反射测量法圆锥体的对齐和形状的对齐功能将 在正常人和病人身上进行检查。变化的重要性 在一个单一的视网膜区域内的视锥对准将在一个局部的 漂白实验光学测量与心理物理测量的关系 将确定锥体对准的角度，以验证光学方法 并更好地阐明控制捕获的光学性质， 光通过光感受器。 光的吸收是由锥体的光密度控制的 颜料。为了保持正常的光密度， 视锥细胞和视网膜色素上皮细胞， 色素的光密度是很好的探测器的健康外 视网膜。本文研究了锥形着色的动力学和光密度 使用取决于光密度的颜色匹配技术， 锥状色素圆锥体排列中的变化在 确定颜料密度和动力学的测量将是 在正常人和病人中进行检查。 将反射转换成神经信号需要适当的 光感受器的内节和外节的功能， 包括快速改变膜电流和控制 灵敏度我们将研究光感受器的时间特性 研究视网膜光感受器反应的速度如何随着视网膜的变化而变化， 照明和时间调制。 在精心挑选的疾病中观察视锥细胞功能的各个方面 (ARMD视网膜脱离、中心性浆液性视网膜病变和黄斑裂孔） 可以让我们研究锥细胞的基本反应。我们将研究 视锥细胞色素光密度测定对乳腺癌预后价值 ARMD的进展和视网膜状态的恢复， 黄斑裂孔和中心性浆液性视网膜病变。我们将 评估这些疾病对锥体排列的影响。

We will study the initial stages of vision: the capture, absorption and transduction of light energy in human cones. Capture of light in the cones is controlled by the ability of the cones to direct light from the inner segments to the outer segments which can be measured using a new optical technique, photoreceptor alignment reflectometry. Cone alignment and the shape of the alignment function will be examined in normals and in patients. The importance of variations of cone alignment within a single retinal area will be examined in a partial bleaching experiment. The relation of optical and psychophysical measures of cone alignment will be determined both to validate the optical approach and to better elucidate the optical properties controlling capture of light by the photoreceptors. The absorption of light is controlled by the optical density of the cone photopigments. To maintain a normal optical density requires the function of the cones and the retinal pigment epithelium and thus measures of photopigment optical density are good probes of the health of the outer retina. Cone photopigment kinetics and optical density will be studied using color-matching techniques which depend on the optical density of the cone photopigments. The role of variations in cone alignment in determining measurements of photopigment density and kinetics will be examined in normals and patients. Transduction of absorptions into neural signals requires proper functioning of both the inner and outer segments of the photoreceptors, including the ability to rapidly change membrane currents and to control sensitivity. We will study the temporal properties of the photoreceptors and study how the speed of the photoreceptor response changes with retinal illuminance and temporal modulation. Looking at all aspects of cone function in carefully selected diseases (ARMD, retinal detachments, central serous retinopathy, and macular holes) will allow us to study fundamental responses of the cones. We will examine the prognostic value of measures of cone photopigment optical density for progression of ARMD and recovery of retinal status, in retinal detachments, macular holes, and central serous retinopathy. We will evaluate the effect of these diseases on cone alignment.