INVESTIGATIONS OF HUMAN CONE PIGMENT KINETICS

非侵入性心理物理和电生理技术将 将进一步发展和应用于对其功能的研究 外层视网膜和脉络膜。人体锥体畸形 将使用颜色匹配来研究感光颜料的动力学 技巧。由于颜色匹配取决于 感光剂，以及感光剂浓度的维持 需要视网膜色素上皮，光感受器：和 它们之间的交流，色彩匹配提供了一种灵敏 视网膜外功能探头。有待研究的疾病(包括 糖尿病、贝斯特病、中心性浆液性视网膜病变、年龄相关 黄斑病变、视网膜脱离以及其他) 根据它们对眼睛的已知影响而选择。比较 跨疾病的结果将使我们能够测试一般特征 视网膜功能障碍。 色彩匹配也将被用来研究消光的变化 人群中的光谱和光学密度。在高视网膜 照度(当感光颜料浓度较低时)、颜色 匹配取决于感光颜料的消光光谱(和 稍微戴上视网膜前滤光片)。在低视网膜照度下 (当感光颜料浓度较高时)，颜色匹配取决于 对消光光谱和光密度都有影响。通过测量 在这两个条件下，我们都可以得到敏感的个体测量值 不同之处。了解个体差异可能会提供一个 更好地理解视觉敏感度的决定因素 并为与患者进行比较提供了重要依据 结果。 我们还将开发一种非侵入性的光感受器测试 基于眼睛电使用的转导和适应 以稳定闪烁的灯光(稳态视网膜电流图 或SSERG)。使用快速闪烁的光可以隔离 光感受器反应，并研究离散性和 这些响应的调制依赖性使我们能够间接地 在视觉过程中测量非常早期的事件。比较 SSERG测量到使用心理物理技术的测量 使我们能够更好地理解 影响视网膜外部的疾病的病理生理学。

Noninvasive psychophysical and electrophysiological techniques will be further developed and applied to the study of the function of the outer retina and choroid. Abnormalities of human cone photopigment kinetics will be studied using color matching techniques. Since color-matches depend on the concentration of photopigment, and maintenance of photopigment concentration requires the retinal pigment epithelium, the photoreceptors: and communication between them, color matching provides a sensitive probe of outer retinal function. Diseases to be studied (including diabetes, Best's disease, central serous retinopathy, age related maculopathy, retinal detachments, as well as others) have been chosen on the basis of their known affect on the eye. Comparison of results across diseases will allow us to test general features of retinal dysfunction. Color matching will also be used to study variations of extinction spectra and optical densitv in the population. At high retinal illuminances (when photopigment concentrations are low), color matches depend on the extinction spectra of the photopigments (and slightly on pre-retinal filters). At low retinal illuminances (when photopigment concentrations are high), color matches depend on both extinction spectra and optical density. By measuring in both conditions we can obtain sensitive measures of individual differences. Understanding individual differences may provide a better understanding of the determinants of visual sensitivity as well as provide an important basis for comparison to patient results. We will also develop a noninvasive test of photoreceptor transduction and adaptation based on the electrical use of the eye to steadily flickering lights (the steady-state electroretinogram or SSERG). Using rapidly flickering light allows isolation of photoreceptor responses, and studying the illiminance and modulation dependence of these responses allows us to indirectly measure very early events in the process of vision. Comparison of SSERG measurements to measurements using psychophysical techniques in the same patients allows us to better understand the pathophysiology of diseases affecting the outer retina.