DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF BINOCULAR VISION

据估计，弱视和相关的双眼功能缺陷 影响了2%的美国人口 最近的视觉研究 动物模型的发展表明，许多这些缺陷是 出生后早期异常视觉体验的直接结果 月，因此，可以预防或可逆的适当 早期干预。 在上一个补助期内，优惠- 观察、操作和视觉诱发电位技术被用来 研究人类视觉发育的正常过程， 双眼不平衡的婴儿的发育。 对大约200名患有 婴儿内斜视或单侧白内障，在前4年入组 年的补助金，将提供感官和对齐结果数据在5- 九岁。 这些数据将阐明相对疗效， 早期双眼不平衡治疗方案的有效性。 新 前瞻性研究将评估优先- 观察闭塞治疗成功的敏锐度和以下结果 婴幼儿单侧白内障手术治疗 优先注视和视觉诱发电位的联合测量 立体视觉和融合将检查发育中的中央和周边 婴儿内斜视的双眼缺陷 前瞻性单眼游标 视力测量将提供一个敏感的新指标 空间缺陷和对治疗的反应。 一个修改后的范例， 瞳孔响应中的双眼亮度总和将用于 测量语言障碍患者的中枢抑制 视觉发育延迟的婴儿可能会或可能不会遭受长期的 视力障碍。 早期识别预后不良者 是很重要的，因为他们是在高风险的神经后遗症， 用于康复治疗遗传咨询和社会服务 前瞻性评价优先注视和视觉诱发 这一人群中的潜在急性期应定义最佳方案， 视觉发育迟缓的婴儿。

Amblyopia and associated deficits in binocular function are estimated to affect 2% of the American population. Recent studies of visual development in animal models suggest that many of these deficits are direct results of abnormal visual experience during early postnatal months and, therefore may be preventable or reversible with appropriate early intervention. During the previous grant period, preferential- looking, operant, and visually evoked potential techniques were used to study the normal course of human visual development and visual development of infants with binocular imbalance. Continued prospective follow-up of approximately 200 infants with infantile esotropia or unilateral cataract, enrolled during the first 4 years of the grant, will provide sensory and alignment outcome data at 5- 9 years of age. These data will clarify the relative efficacy and effectiveness of treatment regimens for early binocular imbalance. New prospective studies will evaluate the prognostic value of preferential- looking acuity for success of occlusion therapy and for outcome following surgery for infantile unilateral cataract. Combined measures of preferential-looking and visually evoked potential stereoacuity and fusion will examine developing central and peripheral binocular deficits in infantile esotropia. Prospective monocular vernier acuity measurement will provide a sensitive new index of developing spatial deficits and of response to treatment. A modified paradigm for binocular luminance summation in the pupil response will be used to measure central suppression in pre-verbal patients. Infants with delayed visual maturation may or may not suffer long-term visual impairment. Early identification of those with a poor prognosis is important because they are at high risk for neurological sequelae, and for rehabilitation efforts, genetic counseling, and social services. Prospective evaluation of preferential-looking and visually evoked potential acuity in this population should define an optimum protocol for infants with delayed visual maturation.