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OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS IN NORMAL VISUAL DEVELOPMENT

正常视力发育中的 OMEGA-3 脂肪酸

基本信息

批准号：
6636822
负责人：
Eileen Elizabeth Birch
金额：
$ 15.67万
依托单位：
RETINA FOUNDATION OF THE SOUTHWEST
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1986
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1986-12-01 至 2004-02-29
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (Adapted From The Applicant's Abstract): The fatty acid content of neural tissues in the brain changes throughout development, with progressive enrichment of phospholipids with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPs), especially during the last pre-natal trimester and the first 6 months post-natal. Under optimal conditions, LCPs are supplied to the fetus via placental transfer and to the infant via breast-feeding post-natally. However, only 60% of U.S. newborns are breast-fed and 60-80% of breast-fed infants are weaned by 12 weeks of age. Formula feeding deprives infants of pre-formed LCPs since they are not provided in U.S. infant formulas. The last trimester of pre-natal development and the first year of life are periods of rapid increase in the number of synapses and dendritic arborizations in the brain. Since these processes require the deposition of LCPs in neuronal membranes, any limitation of LCP supply may modify the growth and function of the central nervous system. While the focus of research on LCP supplementation of infant formula has been on the first 2-4 months of life, little is known about the critical period during which dietary LCPs influence the maturation of cortical function. In Aim 1, we will conduct a randomized trial of LCP supplementation of term infants during months 4-12. We will delineate the critical period for cortical LCP accretion by comparing neurodevelopmental outcomes from this cohort with our existing term infant data sets from randomized trials of LCP supplementation during the first weeks or months of life. The argument that LCPs are present in human milk as a basis for their inclusion in infant formula is compelling but limited by the lack of data on the short-term and long-term effects of dietary LCP supplements in formula-fed infants. In Aim 2, metabolic and nutritional effects of LCPs will be evaluated in terms of alterations in hemostasis, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and lipid profiles. These functional and biochemical parameters are considered of particular importance to assessing the short-term and long-term safety of LCP-supplementation to the nation's infant formula supply. Visual evoked potential and preferential looking acuity have been used widely as outcome measures in studies of infant LCP nutrition, with the inference that these visual outcomes are related to other aspects of cortical function; i.e., cognitive function. In Aim 3, we propose to obtain the first long-term cognitive outcome data for large samples of infants who participated in randomized trials of LCP-supplemented formula. By relating long-term outcomes to visual cortical function during infancy, we will directly evaluate the predictive of early visual tests for long-term cognitive outcomes.

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）：脂肪酸含量大脑中的神经组织在整个发育过程中都会发生变化，并且逐渐变化富含长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCP）的磷脂，尤其是在产前三个月和前 6 个月产后。在最佳条件下，LCP 通过以下方式供应给胎儿：胎盘移植并在产后通过母乳喂养传递给婴儿。然而，只有 60% 的美国新生儿接受母乳喂养，60-80% 的母乳喂养婴儿 12周龄断奶。配方奶喂养剥夺了婴儿预制 LCP 的摄入因为美国婴儿配方奶粉中不提供它们。最后三个月产前发育和生命第一年是快速增长的时期大脑中突触和树突状树枝的数量。由于这些过程需要 LCP 在神经元膜上沉积，任何限制 LCP 供应量可能会改变中枢神经系统的生长和功能。而婴儿配方奶粉中添加LCP的研究焦点一直是在生命的前 2-4 个月，人们对这个关键期知之甚少在此期间，膳食 LCP 会影响皮质功能的成熟。瞄准 1、我们将进行一项足月儿补充LCP的随机试验 4-12 个月期间。我们将划定皮质 LCP 的关键期通过比较该队列与我们的神经发育结果来增加来自 LCP 补充剂随机试验的现有足月婴儿数据集在生命的最初几周或几个月内。 LCP 存在的论点将母乳作为婴儿配方奶粉的基础是引人注目的，但由于缺乏有关饮食的短期和长期影响的数据而受到限制配方奶喂养婴儿的 LCP 补充剂。在目标 2 中，代谢和营养 LCP 的效果将根据止血的改变进行评估，抗氧化防御机制和脂质谱。这些功能性和生化参数被认为对于评估国家婴儿补充 LCP 的短期和长期安全性配方奶供应。视觉诱发电位和偏好视敏度被广泛用作婴儿 LCP 营养研究的结果指标，这些视觉结果与其他方面相关的推论皮质功能；即认知功能。在目标 3 中，我们建议获得大样本婴儿的第一个长期认知结果数据参加了添加 LCP 的配方奶粉的随机试验。通过关联婴儿期视觉皮层功能的长期结果，我们将直接评估早期视觉测试对长期认知结果的预测。