NEUROGENETICS OF DROSOPHILA REPRODUCTION

对果蝇的繁殖进行了遗传学分析。一个长期目标是 在明确定义的基因变异和 苍蝇在求偶和交配过程中的几个具体动作 交配。这一分析还深入探讨了固定动作的神经基础 模式，如受到突变和基因嵌合体的影响。为 例如，性染色体的特定部分的构成 在雌雄异构体中，中枢神经系统由酶标记物识别并相互关联 具有特定性别行为的可量化成分。马赛克也是 用于确定直接受行为突变影响的组织 会导致异常的生殖行为。其中一些变体是 与求偶苍蝇之间相互作用的嗅觉控制有关； 这些行为也是通过分析信息素来研究的。 由不同基因类型的苍蝇产生。的另一个基本方面 苍蝇求爱时的交流是视觉，它们在这些过程中扮演的角色 行为是通过突变来评估的；其中一些具有非常选择性 对视觉系统的影响，从而为解剖提供独特的工具 对中枢神经系统的不同输入的重要性。中央控制 生殖行为也是通过突变来研究的，可能 出乎意料的是，会以特定的方式影响求爱和交配：这些是 有学习障碍的变种或表现出异常的突变 昼夜节律。前者在条件性求爱方面有缺陷， 这也与生殖的嗅觉控制有很强的联系； 后者对短期行为波动有显著影响， 也就是说，在雄性求偶翅膀振动的特定特征中。这个 求爱过程中异常学习的神经基础，以及改变的歌声 节奏，是使用马赛克原理和技术来探索的，类似于 这些应用于视觉和嗅觉方面更简单的 繁殖。从这个多方面的基因中出现的一幅图景 对这些更高的行为的攻击是如何相互关联的感官和 苍蝇行动的核心机制：不仅是景观和 气味会影响求爱和交配--不出所料，但影响的方式是 在基因上是可以精确定义的--但控制 条件反射和昼夜节律也与这些 负责繁殖的固定行为模式。

Reproduction in Drosophila is analyzed genetically. A long-term goal is to establish connections between well-defined genotypic variations and the several specific actions performed by the flies during their courtship and mating. This analysis also delves into the neural basis of fixed action patterns, as impinged upon by mutations and genetic mosaicism. For example, the sex chromosomal constitution of particular portions of the CNS, in gynandromorphs, is identified by enzymatic markers and correlated with quantifiable components of sex-specific behavior. Mosaics are also used to determine the tissues directly affected by behavioral mutations that lead to aberrant reproductive behavior. Some of these variants are related to the olfactory control of interactions between courting flies; these behaviors are also studied through the analysis of pheromones produced by flies of various genotypes. Another basic aspect of communication between flies as they court is vision, whose role in these behaviors is assessed with mutations; some of these have very selective effects on the visual system and thus provide unique tools for dissecting the importance of different inputs into the CNS. The central control of reproductive behavior is also studied with mutations that, perhaps unexpectedly, affect courtship and mating in specific ways: these are variants with learning disabilities or mutants that exhibit aberrant circadian rhythms. The former are defective in conditioned courtship, which also has strong connections to the olfactory control of reproduction; the latter have dramatic effects on short-term behavioral oscillations, that is, in specific features of the male's courtship wing vibrations. The neural basic of aberrant learning in courtship, and of the altered song rhythms, is probed using the mosaic principles and techniques analogous to those applied to the "simpler" visual and olfactory aspects of reproduction. A picture that emerges from this multi-faceted genetic attack on these higher behaviors is how interrelated are the sensory and central mechanisms underlying the fly's actions: Not only do sights and smells influence courtship and mating--as expected, but in ways that are precisely definable genetically--but the neural mechanisms controlling conditioning and circadian rhythms are also tightly entwined with those responsible for the fixed action patterns of reproduction.