All Aphid Effectors on DEK

近年来，跨界RNA在介导宿主-寄生虫相互作用中起着关键作用。对跨界RNA的研究主要集中在微生物寄生虫和小RNA上。然而，我们在最近发表的一篇文章中发现，蚜虫使用长链非编码rna （lncRNAs）作为毒力因子，即桃子-马铃薯蚜虫/绿桃蚜虫（GPA） Myzus persicae是一种全球性害虫，它将至少一种长链lncRNA毒力因子Ya1转运到不同的植物物种中，包括作物。我们发现Ya1在这些植物物种中系统地迁移，并促进GPA在植物上的定殖。蚜虫是一种吸液昆虫，是一系列病毒和细菌植物病原体的载体，也传播类病毒，类病毒仅由核酸组成，没有蛋白质外壳。我们发现蚜虫通过自身的核酸转运来调节植物的生长过程，这一发现是新颖的，所涉及的机制可能有助于这些吸液昆虫成为如此有效的病原体载体的原因。在本提案中，我们希望进一步了解蚜虫核酸在植物中的作用以及它们如何干扰植物过程。我们将重点关注蚜虫lncRNA Ya1，然后还将研究至少两个其他蚜虫lncRNA在植物中的毒力因子。迄今为止的数据表明，蚜虫rna干扰核-叶绿体通讯的各个方面，包括植物对生物胁迫的防御反应，迄今为止人们对这些方面的了解仍然很少。我们将使用蚜虫rna来进一步剖析这些过程。我们还发现蚜虫Ya lncrna从蚜虫取食部位迁移到植物的远端位置。一段时间以来，人们已经知道核酸，包括蚜虫传播的病毒和类病毒的核酸，会在整个植物中迁移，但其中的机制在很大程度上仍然不清楚。在本提案中，我们还将使用蚜虫lncrna来更好地了解植物中核酸长距离迁移的过程。拟议的研究将集中于解剖可能在蚜虫定殖植物的能力和这些昆虫传播病毒/类病毒的效率中发挥重要作用的基本植物过程。从长远来看，我们预计该研究项目将为未来的研究提供基础，重点是确定良性方法来管理作物中蚜虫和蚜虫传播病原体的爆发。

In recent years it has become clear that cross-kingdom RNA plays a key role in mediating host-parasite interactions. Research on cross-kingdom RNA has mostly focused on microbial parasites and small RNAs. However, we showed in a recent publication that aphid insect pests use long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as virulence factors, i.e. the peach-potato aphid/green peach aphid (GPA) Myzus persicae, which is a global pest, translocates at least one long lncRNA virulence factor, named Ya1, into divergent plant species, including crops. We show that Ya1 migrates systemically throughout these plant species and promotes GPA colonization on plants. Aphids are sap-sucking insects that are vectors of a range of viruses and bacterial plant pathogens, and also transmit viroids, which consists of only nucleic acid without a protein coat. Our finding that aphids translocate their own nucleic acids that modulate plant processes is novel and mechanisms involved could contribute to the reasons of these sap-sucking insects being such efficient pathogen vectors. In this proposal, we wish to further understand what the aphid nucleic acids do in plants and how they interfere with plant processes. We will focus on aphid lncRNA Ya1 and then also study at least two other aphid lncRNA virulence factors in plants. Data so far suggest that the aphid RNAs interfere with aspects of nucleus-chloroplast communications, including plant defense responses to biotic stress, that so far are still poorly understood. We will use the aphid RNAs to further dissect these processes. We also found that the aphid Ya lncRNAs migrate away from aphid feeding site to distal locations of plants. It has been known for a while that nucleic acids, including those of aphid-transmitted viruses and viroids, migrate throughout plants, but the mechanisms involved have remained largely obscure. In this proposal, we will also use the aphid lncRNAs to better understand processes involved in long-distance migration of nucleic acids in plants.The proposed research will focus on dissecting fundamental plant processes that are likely to play important roles in the ability of aphids to colonize plants and the efficiency of virus/viroid transmission by these insects. In the longer term, we anticipate that this research project will provide the basis for future research that is focused on identification of benign methods to manage outbreaks of aphids and aphid-transmitted pathogens in crops.