TRAnsforming the DEbate about livestock systems transformation (TRADE)

几个世纪以来，牲畜（养殖的哺乳动物、家禽和鱼类）一直是英国农业的核心，在文化上植根于国家农业系统的流行形象中。但是，由于与生产方法以及肉类和乳制品消费有关的环境和健康影响，该分部门的可持续性日益受到质疑。如果英国要实现减缓气候变化的目标，畜牧业将不得不发挥作用。肉类消费，特别是加工肉类，正因其潜在的有害健康影响而受到审查。一些生产系统由于对动物福利的影响而不断受到批评。人们对畜牧业必须改变或转型的观点达成了一些共识，但对如何实现这一目标却没有达成一致。对特定系统挑战和机会的共享视图是系统转换开发的先决条件。然而，目前尚不清楚畜牧部门的利益攸关方是否对该体系及其当前结构持相同的看法，以及该体系需要向何处发展。贸易部将与包括科学家、农民、加工商、零售商、消费者、投资者和决策者在内的部门利益攸关方合作。它将寻求就牲畜在英国农业经济中日益有争议的角色达成共识，平衡其市场价值和创新机会，以及其对粮食系统、健康、农村经济和社会福祉的无形贡献。关于生产系统（例如遗传和育种技术）创新潜力的证据，以及公众对英国和国际畜牧业系统未来的偏好，将证实共识。最终的目标是了解和衡量转型情景中固有的环境、健康、经济和社会权衡。如果不能更好地量化这些权衡，我们就不太可能就承认和解决相对的赢家和输家的转型途径达成共识。贸易将包括5个工作包，使用混合的定性和定量方法，探索更好地将社会科学与生物科学结合起来，以了解和减轻可能阻碍将新解决方案纳入实践的社会、政治和经济障碍。目标是：1)绘制英国利益相关者的地图，确定基线生产和消费模式以及相关的市场和非市场影响（外部净成本）、来源、分配影响和监管；2)理解关于生产技术和供应方转变的技术、经济、行为和政策潜力的不同观点，以调节市场和非市场影响；3)了解不断变化的健康和社会影响以及公众对畜产品和相关生态系统服务的偏好；4)理解监管目标，并就市场参与者和政府的角色和责任达成共识；5)采用参与式方法和共同构建情景的畜牧系统迭代建模；6)制定一条共同构建的途径，以实现与畜牧产品生产和消费相关的市场、环境卫生和社会影响相关的具体和可衡量的成果。该项目最终将确定一条商定的途径，以改造英国牲畜，为不断变化的未来做好准备。

Livestock (farmed mammalian species, poultry, and fish) has been central to UK agriculture for centuries, being culturally embedded in the popular image of national farming systems. But the sustainability of the sub sector is increasingly questioned due to environmental and health impacts related to production methods and meat and dairy consumption. Livestock will have to play a role if the UK is to meet climate change mitigation targets. Meat consumption, particularly processed meat, is under scrutiny for its potentially detrimental health impacts. Some production systems are constantly criticized due to their animal welfare impacts. There is some consensus around the idea that livestock farming must change or transform, but there is less agreement on how this might happen. A shared view of a specific system challenges and opportunities is a pre requisite to the development of a system transformation. Yet, it is unclear whether stakeholders in the livestock sector share the same vision of the system and its current structure and where it needs to get to. TRADE will work with sector stakeholders including scientists, farmers, processors, retailers, consumers, investors and policy makers. It will seek a consensus on the increasingly contested role of livestock in the UK agricultural economy, balancing its market value and opportunities for innovation with its less tangible contributions to food systems, health, rural economies and social wellbeing. Consensus will be substantiated with the evidence on the innovation potential in production systems (e.g. genetics and breeding techniques), and with reference to public preferences for the future of livestock systems in the UK and internationally. Ultimately, the objective is to understand and measure the environmental, health, economic and societal trade-offs inherent in transformation scenarios. Without better quantification of these trade-offs we are unlikely to develop consensus on transformational pathways that acknowledge and addresses relative gainers and losers. TRADE will comprise 5 work packages using mixed qualitative and quantitative methods to explore better integration of social science with biological sciences to understand and mitigate societal, political and economic barriers that may hinder uptake of new solutions into practice. Objectives are :1) Mapping UK stakeholders and determining baseline production and consumption patterns and associated market and non-market impacts (net external costs), their origin, distributional impact and regulation; 2) understanding competing views on the technical, economic, behavioural and policy potential of production technologies and supply side shifts to regulate market and non-market impacts; 3) understanding evolving health and social impacts and public preferences for livestock goods and related ecosystem services; 4) understanding regulatory objectives and establishing consensus on roles and responsibilities of market participants and government; 5) Iterative modelling of the livestock system using participatory methods and co-constructed scenarios; 6) Development of a co-constructed pathway to specific and measurable outcomes related to market, environment health and social impacts related to production and consumption of livestock products. The project will ultimately define an agreed pathway to transform the UK livestock in readiness for a changing future.