RCG: OpTick: One Health surveillance and management of tick-borne disease threats in a changing environment.

蜱传疾病（TBD）对人类和牲畜的风险在包括英国在内的温带地区迅速增加，并可能导致人类和牲畜的严重疾病，影响人类健康和生计。由于报告不足，缺乏有效的疫苗，这些威胁很难管理，而且由于政策驱动的农业土地管理方式的变化，即林地和野生动物栖息地以及农场周围的增加，这些威胁可能会增加。这些变化将增加关键蜱虫媒介蓖麻硬蜱的栖息地，蓖麻硬蜱在英国林地和农田中广泛分布和扩张，并可将重要疾病传播给人类和动物。我们迫切需要了解支撑TBD风险的生态过程-特别是景观条件，管理和气候如何影响现在和未来参与传播的蜱虫种群，牲畜和野生动物。我们需要分析土地、卫生和牲畜管理干预措施和政策如何影响TBD风险，以及哪些干预措施最具成本效益，并与农民的优先事项和农业实践保持一致。最后，由于动物、人类、蜱虫和环境管理都会影响TBD风险，我们需要将动物健康、人类健康和环境部门的政策、证据和干预措施联系起来，形成综合的“一个健康”应对措施，以改善当前和未来TBD威胁的缓解。OPTICK汇集了来自生态学、流行病学、经济学、公共和动物卫生以及社会科学的研究人员，将通过以下方式解决这些差距，并为设计疾病管理和土地管理战略提供证据基础，这些战略将优化畜牧生产、人类健康和生物多样性的效益，同时最大限度地减少地方性和新出现的TBD威胁对牲畜和人类的风险：1.将土地、牲畜和蜱媒疾病管理方面的国家和区域一级的主要利益攸关方聚集在一起，了解他们的优先事项、证据需求和对结核病的可行干预措施。2.编制关于牲畜中传统有害物质的分布、经济负担和社会影响的基线数据。更好地了解农业景观结构和管理如何塑造牲畜，野生动物，蜱虫和人之间的关键相互作用，确定TBD风险，结合生态调查，病原体遗传学和计算机建模。4.将蜱虫和病原体在牲畜、人类和人群中发生的数据整合到英国规模的新风险地图和模型中，以（i）了解气候、动物和土地利用变化在确定英国当前和未来蜱虫传播疾病焦点方面的作用，（ii）确定监测方面的差距。与当地利益攸关方共同制定最佳的地方病媒控制和疾病管理战略，了解干预措施的成本和效益，以及这些措施如何与土地管理者、牲畜所有者和决策者的观念、做法和优先事项相一致。6.共同开发监测工具、风险指导和科学与研究之间强有力的“一个健康”接口，以加强对新出现和地方性结核病的准备。OPTICK将研究由蜱虫、蓖麻硬蜱传播的四种影响羊和牛生产及人类健康的优先疾病; Louping病、蜱传发热和巴贝西虫病可导致牲畜严重疾病和死亡，莱姆病可导致人类患病。农业和兽医机构将这些报告不足的蜱传牲畜疾病列为“影响大、流行率低、优先级高的疾病”。莱姆病是英国人类健康的一个重要和新出现的问题，自2000年以来报告的病例增加了10倍，并可能导致长期虚弱。我们与利益相关者共同开发研究、模型和风险产出的方法将确保干预措施有效和适当，并将支持未来对TBD的一体化健康应对。

Tick-borne disease (TBD) risks to humans and livestock are increasing rapidly in temperate regions, including the UK, and can cause severe disease in people and livestock, impacting human health and livelihoods. These threats are difficult to manage due to under-reporting, a lack of effective vaccines and are likely to increase as a result of policy-driven changes in the way agricultural land is managed, namely increases in woodland and wildlife habitat and around farms. These changes will increase habitat for the key tick vector, Ixodes ricinus, which is widely distributed and expanding in UK woodlands and agricultural land, and can transmit important diseases to humans and animals. We urgently need to understand the ecological processes underpinning risk from TBDs - in particular, how landscape conditions, management and climate affect tick populations, livestock and wildlife involved in transmission, now and in the future. We need to analyse how land, health and livestock management interventions and policies can affect TBD risks and which interventions are most cost-effective and align with farmer priorities and farm practices. Finally, since animals, humans, ticks and environmental management all affect TBD risks, we need to link policy, evidence and interventions across the Animal Health, Human Health and Environment sectors into integrated 'One Health' responses to improve mitigation of current and future TBD threats. Bringing together researchers from ecology, epidemiology, economics, Public and Animal Health, and social science, OPTICK will address these gaps and provide the evidence base for designing disease management and land management strategies that optimise benefits to livestock production, human health and biodiversity while minimising livestock and human risks from endemic and emerging TBD threats, by:1. Bringing together key national and regional level stakeholders in land, livestock and tick-borne disease management, to understand their priorities, evidence needs and feasible interventions for TBDs. 2. Generating baseline data on the distribution, economic burden and societal impacts of TBDs in livestock.3. Better understanding how the agricultural landscape structure and management shapes key interactions between livestock, wildlife, ticks and people that determine TBD risk, combining ecological surveys, pathogen genetics and computer modelling. 4. Integrating data on where ticks and pathogens occur in livestock, humans and people across sectors into new risk maps and models at the UK scale to (i) understand the role of climate, animals and land use change in determining current and future UK foci of tick-borne diseases and (ii) identify gaps in surveillance.5. Co-creating optimal local vector control and disease management strategies with local stakeholders by understanding the costs and benefits of interventions and how they align with perceptions, practices and priorities of land managers, livestock owners and policy makers. 6. Co-developing surveillance tools, risk guidance and a strong One Health interface between science and research to enhance preparedness for emerging and endemic TBDsOPTICK will study four priority diseases transmitted by the tick, Ixodes ricinus, which affect sheep and cattle production and human health; Louping ill, tick-borne fever and babesiosis can cause severe illness and death in livestock and Lyme Disease which can cause illness in humans. Farming and veterinary bodies rank these underreported tick-borne diseases of livestock as "high impact, low prevalence, high priority diseases". Lyme disease is a significant and emerging concern to human health in the UK with reported cases increasing 10-fold since 2000 and can cause long-term debilitation. Our approach of co-developing research, models and risk outputs with stakeholders will ensure that interventions are effective and appropriate and will underpin future integrated One Health responses to TBDs.