GENETIC BASIS OF SPECIES DIFFERENCES IN DROSOPHILA

这项工作的目的是揭示数字、影响和 引起形态差异的基因的位置和 近缘种间的生殖隔离 果蝇。我们的长期目标是了解 通过物种差异的遗传模式进行物种形成。 使用经典遗传分析中的三个良好的特点 果蝇群体，我们将解决这些问题： 1.物种之间的形态和行为差异， 杂交种的合子后生殖隔离，多基因的或到期的 对一个或两个影响很大的位置？ 2.性染色体是否在 杂交种不育和不育的进化？ 3.合子后隔离是否以一致的模式发生， X染色体雄性不育的初步进化 在女性体内出现类似的异常后会出现不能存活的现象吗？ 4.男性生殖隔离的遗传基础相似吗？ 女性呢？ 5.近亲物种对的成员之间是否存在差异 在一个由相似基因结构引起的群体中？ 6.不寻常的基因变化是否与岛屿物种形成有关 活动？ 因为黑腹小蜂群中四个物种的系统发育 对于解释我们的基因数据是至关重要的，我们还将执行 利用DNA限制性内切酶图谱研究至少6个物种的系统发育 对这些物种的基因座进行了测序。 我们的数据应该有助于区分当前的 物种形成并导致新物种的构建。结果是 也可能与理解物种的起源有关 包括人类在内的许多动物群体。

The purpose of this work is to reveal the numbers, effects, and locations of genes causing morphological differences and reproductive isolation among closely related species of Drosophila. Our long-term goal is to understand the process of speciation through the genetic patterns of species differences. Using classical genetic analysis within three well-characterized groups of Drosophila, we will address these questions: 1. Are morphological and behavioral differences among species, and postzygotic reproductive isolation in hybrids, polygenic or due to one or two loci of large effect? 2. Do sex chromosomes play a disproportionate role in the evolution of hybrid sterility and inviability? 3. Does postzygotic isolation occur in a consistent pattern, with the initial evolution of X-chromosomal male sterility and inviability followed by similar anomalies in females? 4. Is the genetic basis of reproductive isolation similar in males and females? 5. Are differences between members of related species pairs within a group caused by similar genetic architectures? 6. Are unusual genetic changes associated with island speciation events? Because a phylogeny of four species in the D. melanogaster group is critical in interpreting our genetic data, we will also perform a phylogenetic study using DNA restriction mapping of at least six sequenced loci in these species. Our data should help distinguish among current theories of speciation and lead to the construction of new ones. The results may also be relevant to understanding the origin of species in many animal groups, including humans.