GENETIC BASIS OF SPECIES DIFFERENCES IN DROSPHILA

本项目的长期目标是了解 通过对其产品的遗传分析进行物种形成： 物种 我们的方法使用经典遗传技术来揭示 导致性隔离的基因的数量、位置和影响， 果蝇物种之间的形态差异， 它们的杂交体的不育性和不成活性。 这些分析的集合， 在三个不同的果蝇群体中进行，将揭示模式， 回答以下问题： 1.是物种间的生殖隔离和形态差异 由于只有少数几个基因的大的影响，或者他们有更多的多基因 根据？ 2.导致生殖隔离的基因在哪里？ 它们是否位于 一个群体中不同物种对之间的相似区域，这意味着遗传 物种形成的“热点”？ 当它们造成性隔离（交配 歧视），求爱的哪些方面受到影响？ 3.导致性隔离的基因是否集中在性别上 染色体，像那些导致合子后隔离？ 4.性隔离的遗传基础在男性和女性中是否相似？ 女性？ 5.生殖隔离的遗传学模式是否一致 在不同的群体中成立吗 6.导致不育的母体效应的遗传基础是什么？ 混血儿 7.遗传漂变能促进小殖民地的物种形成吗 人口？ 我们的数据不仅有助于解决目前关于 物种形成的遗传学，但也激发了新的理论。 结果可以 与了解其他动物物种的起源有关，包括 人类

The long-term goal of this project is to understand the process of speciation through genetic analysis of its products: closely-related species. Our method uses classical genetic techniques to reveal the numbers, locations, and effects of genes causing sexual isolation and morphological differences between Drosophila species, and genes causing sterility and inviability of their hybrids. A collection of such analyses, conducted in three different Drosophila groups, will reveal patterns that address the following questions: 1. Are reproductive isolation and morphological differences between species due to only a few genes of large effect, or do they have a more polygenic basis? 2. Where are the genes causing reproductive isolation? Are they located in similar regions among different species pairs of a group, implying genetic "hotspots" of speciation? When they cause sexual isolation (mating discrimination), which aspects of courtship are affected? 3. Are the genes causing sexual isolation concentrated on the sex chromosomes, like those causing postzygotic isolation? 4. Is the genetic basis of sexual isolation similar in males and in females? 5. Are there consistent patterns to the genetics of reproductive isolation that hold across different groups? 6. What is the genetic basis of maternal effects that cause sterility of hybrids? 7. Can genetic drift contribute to speciation in small colonizing populations? Our data will not only help resolve current controversies about the genetics of speciation, but also motivate new theories. The results may be relevant to understanding the origin of species in other animals, including humans.