DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINED ATTENTION IN INFANTS

目标是研究可持续的、内生的发展 对幼儿的关注，以及与以下方面的发展趋势 持续关注同步心率(HR)变化。具体的 目标是：1)研究婴儿持续的、受试者控制的注意力 从8周龄到26周龄，并研究眼跳和眼跳的控制 在心率限定的注意力阶段，流畅的追逐眼球运动， 为了推断控制注意力的神经发育系统- 注意力过程中的定向眼动；2)研究个体 呼吸性窦性心律失常(RSA；心率变异性)的差异 发生在呼吸频率上)相对于个体 持续注意、早熟和全程再认的差异 记忆差异，以及RSA的睡眠评估。这项研究可能 为研究黄斑狼疮的病理模式提供“模型准备” 高危早产儿和早产儿的注意力 注意障碍的发展发现在多动症，自闭症， 还有弱智儿童。婴儿将在8到26周大的时候接受测试。 心率和呼吸将在5分钟的基线期间测量，以及 在注意力集中期间。四个实验将研究持续注意力在 其他注意力阶段的亮点。实验1将检查眨眼 反射是信息处理的早期阶段的一个例子，在 不同的注意力阶段。实验2和3将检查外围设备 刺激局部化作为持续注意的一种功能。实验4 将研究注意力与平稳追逐和跳动眼球的关系 视觉跟踪过程中的运动。两个实验将强调 与RSA相关的持续注意的个体差异。实验 5将研究婴儿识别记忆的提取方面 早产儿，已知他们有识别记忆并持续 注意力不集中。实验6将检查纵向稳定性。 睡眠状态下的心率、呼吸和呼吸频率之间的关系 这些措施受到持续关注。据预测，1)持续 注意力会显示出年龄和个体差异，而其他 注意类型不会；2)持续的发展变化 注意力会对行为系统产生不同的影响，包括 配对比较范式下的再认记忆与不同的眼球 移动系统。

The objectives are to study the development of sustained, endogenous attention in young infants, and to relate developmental trends in sustained attention to concurrent heart rate (HR) changes. The specific aims are: 1) To study sustained, subject-controlled attention in infants from 8 to 26 weeks of age, and to study the control of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements during heart-rate-defined attention phases, in order to infer the neuro-developmental systems controlling attention- directed eye movements during attention; and 2) To study individual differences in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA; variability in HR occurring at the respiration frequency) with respect to individual differences in sustained attention, premature and full-term recognition memory differences, and sleep assessment of RSA. The research may provide a "model preparation" for the study of pathological patterns of infant attention found in high-risk premature infants, and for the later development of attentional disabilities found in hyperactive, autistic, and retarded children. Infants will be tested from 8 to 26 weeks of age. HR and respiration will be measured during a five minute baseline, and during attention. Four experiments will study sustained attention in light of other attention phases. Experiment 1 will examine the blink reflex, an example of an early phase of information processing, in different attention phases. Experiments 2 and 3 will examine peripheral stimulus localization as a function of sustained attention. Experiment 4 will study the relation of attention to smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements during visual tracking. Two experiments will emphasize individual differences in sustained attention related to RSA. Experiment 5 will examine the retrieval aspect of infant recognition memory in preterm infants, who are known to have recognition memory and sustained attention deficits. Experiment 6 will examine the longitudinal stability of HR, respiration, and RSA during sleep states, and the relation of those measures to sustained attention. It is predicted that 1) sustained attention will show age and individual differences, whereas other attention types will not; 2) developmental changes in sustained attention will differentially affect behavioral systems, including recognition memory in the paired-comparison paradigm, and different eye movement systems.